HISTORY OF THE 

,.D_STATES 

DAVIDSON 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



Shelf ' «- 

JJ ?: r[" 

UNITED STATES OF kMEEICA. 



I 



REFERENCE HISTORY 



OF 



THE UNITED STATES 



For High Schools and Academies 




HANNAH A. DAVIDSON, M.A. 

Teacher of History, Belmont School, California 




BOSTON, U.S.A. 
GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 
1892 



\\\ 



Copyright, 1891, 
By HANNAH A. DAVIDSON. 



All Rights Reseryed. 



TvPCXiKAPMV BY J. S. CuSHING & Co., BoSTON, U.S. 
PRgSSWORK BY GlNN & Co., BoSTON, U.S.A. 



PREFACE. 



A FEW words of explanation in regard to the scope and plan of 
this little book are necessary. It has grown out of class-room 
experience, and has been shaped to the practical needs of the 
pupil. It is an attempt to connect history teaching in the second- 
ary school more closely in method and aim with history teaching 
and study in the college and in the university. In the best 
institutions the study of history is no longer the study of a text- 
book. The library is the workshop, the best books that have been 
written are the tools, the teacher is the guide, and the pupil's 
mind must do the work. 

It is, comparatively, a simple task to force a boy's memory to 
retain the minimum of information which will enable him to pass 
his college examinations ; the difficult task is that of aiding him 
to acquire the mental discipHne and the habit of independent 
work which will sustain him satisfactorily in college work. 

The objects of the method of instruction outhned in this book 
are two : First, to help the pupil to acquire this discipline and to 
train him in those methods of work which he ought to use through- 
out his college course; second, to give the pupil a sufficiently 
broad and reliable knowledge of facts to serve as a basis for his 
future study of constitutional history, politics, etc., and to put 
these facts into such due relation to each other and to commonly 
accepted opinions that they will not have to be readjusted with 
broader knowledge. 

This book has been used for three years in manuscript by 
boys in the fourth year below entrance to the Freshman class at 
Harvard University ; in other words, the boys have studied United 

iil 



iv 



PREFACE. 



States history in the year in which they have begun Latin, algebra, 
and geometry. At first, I felt uncertain of the extent to which 
pupils of this grade could use a library for their work. The results 
have surpassed my expectation. 

The list of books given is far from complete, but nearly all the 
references have been tried by the test of actual use by the boys. 
Many of the books on United States history, which are indispen- 
sable to a teacher's library, are either too extended treatises or too 
old in language and method of treatment for a boy's use ; for such 
reasons Von Hoist's, MacMaster's, Shouler's histories, and similar 
works, have been excluded. Others, as the ^' American Statesmen '* 
series, which are excellent outside reading, are too diffuse, and 
often treat public events too much from the standpoint of one 
man's part in them. It has been very difficult to find suitable 
maps and charts for reference. There is no atlas worthy the name 
to accompany the study of the settlement of the colonies and the 
development of the United States. 

A few brief suggestions will best explain the use of the book. 

First. The library is as indispensable to the student of history 
as the laboratory to a proper study of chemistry or physics ; pupils 
must be giv^en free access to it, and books, tables, and hours must 
be conveniently arranged for study. No one student is expected 
to read all the references given on each topic. A few words of 
instruction calling attention to important references, emphasizing 
points to be borne in mind, and suggesting queries to be answered 
by the pupil's reading, should accompany the assigning of each 
lesson. The large number of duplicate references is given, first, 
that several boys may use the same library at the same time ; 
second, because it is desirable that different boys should get their 
information from different sources, — the sum total of intelligence 
acquired by the class is much greater, and the boy, individually, 
is gradually freed from slavery to text. It is usually necessary that 
a teacher should go into the library a few times with each new 
class, and show the pupils how to work without wasting time. 

Second. All students are required to have small bound note- 



PREFACE. 



V 



books, and to keep in them such summaries and memoranda as 
the teacher shall direct ; for instance, of treaties, boundaries, con- 
tracts, etc. These note-books are handed in at the close of each 
month for inspection, and a small per cent of credit is given on 
them in making up the month's report. 

Third, Every fifth recitation is given to written work. It is 
one-half the task of the teacher of history in the secondary school 
to teach the boy to say accurately and concisely the thing he has 
learned. Nearly all the forgetting which troubles students is due 
to inability to define clearly in language the ideas that they have 
acquired. The chief cause of this inabiHty on the boy's side is an 
actual lack of vocabulary. It is as necessary in teaching history 
and civil government as in teaching geometry, to insist that the 
pupil shall acquire, define exactly, and use habitually, the correct 
expressions of his branch of study. Few boys beginning the study 
of history make accurately so simple a distinction, for example, as 
that between ' to appoint ' and * to elect.' 

The only method that I have found thoroughly efficient in 
securing the habitual use of an accurate vocabulary by pupils in 
secondary schools is that of requiring one written recitation per 
week, the questions covering the work of the four preceding days. 
These questions differ essentially from those given at regular 
examinations. They are often topics, the entire hour being given 
to three or four. They call for a full and careful statement of 
whatever in the week's work the pupil is most likely to forget or 
to give inaccurately and incompletely. These papers I mark with 
great care, calling attention in the margin to all mistakes in spell- 
ing, rhetoric, and grammar, as well as to mistakes in history and 
to inaccurate expressions, but never correcting the mistake for 
the pupil. I require entirely rewritten every topic which falls 
below the standard established for passing by the school, and the 
careful correction of all mistakes in other parts of the examination 
paper. 

Once in five or six weeks I give a regular examination on the 
work of the preceding month, similar in the character of its ques- 



vi 



PREFACE. 



tions to the examinations set for entrance to the University of 
California, Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology, etc. 

A word in regard to the results obtained. First, the student's 
interest in his work far exceeds that aroused by any other method 
of teaching that I have ever tried. He more nearly forgets that 
he is getting a lesson for the teacher, and works from a desire to 
know ; consequently he soon learns to accomphsh a much larger 
amount of work in a given time. Second, the student does the 
work required much more easily than when he learns a mass of 
facts which are not real to him. Third, his intelligence becomes 
much broader than the outline of facts on which he must pass 
examinations, and he seldom makes bad mistakes in the interpreta- 
tion of his facts, and of their relations to other events. Fourth, 
the results of his work are more permanent. A text-book learned, 
even with all possible attention to explanation and outside illustra- 
tion, is too apt to be displaced in the mind by the next one poured 
in ; whereas, knowledge of things and of events takes a natural 
place in the growth of the mind as a part of itself. Experience 
proves that after a year's time the knowledge retained by our 
boys is sufficiently ready and accurate to be serviceable. Fifth, 
the mental discipline acquired is perhaps the most important 
single result. An actual change in the pupil's vocabulary is made. 
An actual broadening of his ideas with reference to all other sub- 
jects takes place as a result of his familiar contact with so many 
first-class authors. He acquires a practical ability to work in a 
library and there hunt down a subject without mental confusion 
or loss of time, and he forms the invaluable habit of outlining and 
summing up the work that he does. The general discipHne result- 
ing from history work is so great a reinforcement of his studies in 
English that in value a year's work might well-nigh count for a 
year in that course. 

I wish to call the attention of teachers to two points. First, 
the study of United States history can be made much easier and 
more effective by supplying the right books for pupils to read dur- 



PREFACE. 



Vll 



ing the year preceding the one in 7vhich they are to study history. 
There are many boys* books which boys and girls will read if they 
can get them ; such as the volumes of Towle's " Heroes of His- 
tory " series, Cooper's novels, Coffin's ''Story of Liberty," ''The 
Boy5 of '76," Moore's "Pilgrims and Puritans," etc. Great care 
must be taken not to force on the pupil books too old for him. 
If the right books are found, no urging more than their presence 
and a little wise care on the part of the teacher is necessary to 
insure their being read by the average pupil. If all children came 
from intelligent families, care on the part of the teacher about 
this previous year's reading would not be an urgent necessity ; but 
they do not, and the possession by the pupil of some general 
information of a kind similar to the subject to be taken up is 
essential to ideal success in teaching any branch of study. Sec- 
ond, it is time that United States history be no longer considered 
a study for children and kept in grades below the high school and 
the academy. As long as it is so placed, the study, of necessity, 
reduces itself to a succession of striking stories and a certain 
amount of biography and historical geography. Especially is it 
impossible to teach to immature children anything worthy the 
name of history about the period since the signing of the 
Treaty of Paris. The more they can learn about our country, its 
heroes and great events, the better, if this earlier work can be 
followed by a year's study of our national history in the high 
school. Unless a considerable amount of civil government, poli- 
tics, and diplomacy is combined with the study of our history, its 
incidents, heroes, and wars may be very interesting and valuable, 
but they are only the material for the study of history. If the 
making of intelligent citizens is one chief aim of our schools, our 
national history and government ought to occupy no secondary 
place in our courses of study, and the candidate for admission to 
college should have compassed all their elementary facts and 
principles. 

It touches our national pride nearly that so many American 
institutions still admit boys who must be well up in mathematics. 



viii 



PREFACE. 



in dead and in foreign tongues, even in European history, but who 
may be totally ignorant about the development and character of 
this late, most wide-reaching, and profoundly important phase of 
world history, the Republic of the United States. This is the 
more to be regretted since a wide range of electives makes it 
possible, or probable, that the majority will graduate, even from 
our foremost institutions, as ignorant on this subject as when they 
entered. 

I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness, in the preparation of 
this book, first to my husband, Charles Davidson, who has shared 
so large a part of the burden of preparing the manuscript, and 
whose advice and judgment have been my constant reliance ; to 
Mr. W. T. Reid, Principal of Belmont School, whose generosity in 
providing books and facilities has made this experiment in sec- 
ondary education possible, and whose faith and patience have 
given to both teacher and pupils the utmost freedom in their 
work ; to Assistant-Professor William Carey Jones, of the Uni- 
versity of California, and to Professor Jesse Macy, of Iowa Col- 
lege, Grinnell, Iowa, for suggestions, help, and encouragement of 
value. 

In so large a number of references there may be some mistakes. 
I shall thank any teacher who will point out an error. I shall also 
be glad to receive any criticisms, suggestions, new references, etc., 
which result from experience in using the book and which will 
enable me to improve a future edition. 

HANNAH A. DAVIDSON. 

Belmont, California. 



BOOKS NECESSARY TO THE STUDY OF UNITED 
STATES HISTORY BY THE LIBRARY METHOD. 



It is very desirable that the school library should contain as 
many of the best books as possible. Many valuable books can be 
had for a small sum. It costs less to furnish a library, in a sec- 
ondary school, for the study of history than to fit up a laboratory 
suitable for the study of physics or chemistry, yet one should 
occupy as important a place in the course as the other. But 
where a good list of books cannot be had, much can be done with 
an extremely Hmited list. For instance, a school can get one 
complete set, preferably Bryant's, if but one, and a number of 
small books on different periods, such as Fiske's " Irving's Life 
of Washington," Fiske's small "The War of Independence," 
Johnston's " Politics " and " The History and Constitution of the^ 
United States," Andrews' " Manual of the Constitution," etc. ; very 
good work can be done with such a list of books if each student 
owns a few necessary volumes himself. Montgomery's " Ameri- 
can History," Ginn & Co.-, especially for the colonial period ; 
A. Johnston's " History of the United States," Holt <& Co., espe- 
cially for the national period ; MacCoun's " Historical Geography 
of the United States," and some good handy atlas, make a ser- 
viceable list for the individual student to own. If possible, he 
should add Andrews' " Manual of the Constitution " or some simi- 
lar work. When nothing else is possible, a teacher can sometimes 
get together a library which is much better than none by asking 
each student to contribute the loan for the term of every book on 
United States history to be found in his home or borrowed in the 
neighborhood. 

The library, to-day, is at the centre of every efficient school. 
The school which has none will show a first sign of growth by 
beginning to get one. 

ix 



DIRECTIONS ABOUT THE USE OF A LIBRARY IN 
STUDYING HISTORY; FOR STUDENTS. 



First. You are not expected to read the entire list of references 
on each topic. In many cases the account given in one book is 
nearly a duphcate of that given in the others. Form the habit of 
taking each day the one of the standard books, Bryant's or Ban- 
croft's or Doyle's history, for instance, which you like best to use, 
and of reading all the references found in it carefully ; then go 
over the topics assigned for your lesson and ask yourself about 
each, whether your knowledge of it is complete and satisfactory : 
if it is not, consult other books ; when you find what you want, go 
on to the next topic, but do not give up without finding what you 
are looking for, until you have exhausted the entire list of refer- 
ences given. i\fter you have gone through the lesson in this way, 
if you have any time remaining, spend it in reading other refer- 
ences in the books that interest you most. You ought, usually, to 
have time to read at least two different accounts on the topics of 
your lesson, and to look at the maps, portraits, etc., in a number 
of other books. 

Second. Do not try to commit to memory or to take notes 
(except on such matters as boundaries, treaties, etc.) while you 
are reading. Read as you read any book in which you are inter- 
ested ; when you are through and have closed your book, make 
your mind sum up what you have read ; if you forget some impor- 
tant point, go back and look up that one, no others. By making 
a pencil and paper your walking-staff and leaning on it, you may 
easily cripple your memory for life. 

Third, Put into your note-book any facts which you fear that 
you may forget. Put into it nothing but exact statements in the 

X 



DiRSCtlONS ABOUT THE USE OF A LIBRARY. XI 

most concise form ; put in no explanations and quote no remarks. 
If your mind cannot furnish all the explanations you need, you 
ought to go to your references and study the whole subject anew. 
As a rule, put into your note-book, beyond the things required by 
your teacher, only such things as you can refer to more easily and 
quickly in your own note-book than in the books of the library to 
which you have references ; for instance, if you have to select the 
items for a summary from half a dozen books, keep the summary 
when made. 

Fourth, Do not think that you have done all within your 
power to settle a question when you have exhausted the li^t of 
references given. Many times you may not be satisfied with any- 
thing that is given in the references, and many times the lesson 
will suggest to you questions which you personally would like to 
have answered. If you are to be a scholar, it is of the greatest 
importance that you begin now to find for yourself an answer to 
any question which your own mind asks, and to form a habit of 
never dismissing any subject until you are satisfied, or have ex- 
hausted all your available resources. You will soon become accus- 
tomed to the use of the books in the library, and you can hunt 
dowm a subject for yourself by means of contents, indexes, etc., as 
well as your teacher can do it for you. It is entirely within your 
power to prove whether the library contains anything on the point 
you wish to find, or not. 

Fifth, When your own resources, faithfully exhausted, fail to 
furnish an answer to your questions, ask them of your teacher. 
Any good teacher will be very glad to tell you, either in class or 
out, where to look farther, or to give you an answer outright. 
When you differ from the book that you have been reading, go to 
your teacher and find out, if you can, whether you disagree with 
it through ignorance. If there is another side to the question, 
read it up ; in the end, you have a right to your own opinion apart 
from the teacher's, or from any books, provided, always, that you 
have found out all it is possible to learn on your subject and have 
really thought about it honestly and carefully. 



Xii DIRECTIONS ABOUT THE USE OF A LIBRARY. 

Sixth, Expect your mind to remember exactly all the impor- 
tant points of what you read and of what you hear in the class- 
room. When you fear that you have forgotten something, do not 
run to your book to look it up until your mind has made its best 
effort to recall it. Require yourself to hold in mind all the main 
points of what you have been over. If you cannot with patient 
effort make your mind recall something that you have forgotten, 
go back immediately and relearn it. 

Do not be afraid to learn and to remember as many dates as 
are really necessary. It takes less time to learn a date than to 
learn the principal parts of a Latin verb, and there are fewer to be 
learned in any month or year. 



REFERENCE HISTORY OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 



I. DISCOVERY. 

Spanish Discoveries. 

I. Why had navigation previous to the fifteenth century been 

chiefly confined to inland seas and to the shores of the 
ocean ? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 89-QO, 96. 

a. Ships. 

Any Ency. 

b. The compass. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. 94-7. 

II. When did gunpowder as a means of defence come mto 

common use ? 

Any Ency. 

(Note the connection between the use of gunpowder and the ability of 
Europeans to make their way among the native races in America.) 

III. What did the ancients beHeve about the shape of the earth? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. i. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 103, 108. Winsor's 
Hist, of Amer. I. 8, 30-1 ; II. i, 40. 

IV. What traditions and tales had they about land to the west? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. 1. 13. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. I. 13, 15, 16, 19. 



2 



DISCOVERY. 



V. What voyages and discoveries were made by the Portuguese in 

the fifteenth century ? 

Johnston's U. S. 5. Any Ency. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 6. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. I. 97-8, 99-104. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. 39-42. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S. 2, 11. Morris's Half Hours, I. 42-3. 

VI. What education had Columbus? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 99-100. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 1-3. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S. 2-3. 

VII. What means of information had he about the Western 
Ocean? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 2-4. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 100-4. Higginson's 
U. S. 52-5. 

a. His map-copying. 

Morris's Half Hours, 41-9. Montgomery's Amer, Hist. 3, 6. 

/?. His father-in-law's position and maps. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 1-7. 

His brother's voyages. 

^. What reasons are there to suppose that he knew of the dis- 
coveries of the Norsemen? 
e. The Portuguese voyages and discoveries. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 6. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 39-42. 

VIII. Why do we believe the world to be round? 
Why did Columbus believe the world to be rcund? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 7. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 1-4, 24-26. 

What lands did Columbus hope to find? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 4. Byrant's Popular Hist. I. 112-13. 

IX. What efforts to have an expedition sent did Columbus make 

before he succeeded? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 8. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 106-9. Winsor's Hist. 
<jf Amer. H. 4-5. Higginson's U. S. 55 +. Morris's Half Hours, I. 49+. 



SPANISH DISCOVERIES. 



3 



X. Give an account of how Columbus obtained an expedition 

from the king of Spain. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 109-10. Eggleston's Household U. S. 4. Winsor's 
Hist, of i\mer. II. 5-1 1. 

XI. What was the bargain between the rulers of Spain and 

Columbus ? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. no, Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. 5. Amer. Ency. 

XII. What were the objects of the voyage? 

Montgomer\''s Amer. Hist. 4-5, 13. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 98, 149. Coffin's 
Old Times in Col. 45. 

a. What gold mines were known at that time ? 

b. Where were slaves obtained? 

Coffin's Old Times in Col. 46-9. 

What nations carried on the slave trade ? In what countries 
were slaves bought and used? 

c. What were the old routes to India ? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 113-114. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 13. 

XIII. Columbus's outfit and first voyage : Route, Discoveries, 
Return. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 9-12. Amer. Ency. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 
110-17. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. 6-11. Higginson's U. S. 55-62. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 5. Morris's Half Hours, I. 50-6. 

XIV. Columbus's later voyages ; give 

a. Route, 

b. Objects, 

c. Discoveries made on each. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 118-21. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. 15-23; map 61. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 6-7. 

XV. What nations were most interested in getting a share of the 
new world? Why? 



4 



DISCOVERY. 



XVI. Who was the ruler in 1492 in England? In Spain? In 
France ? In Portugal ? 

Myers's Mod. and Med. Hist. 

XVII. What was the Pope's division " ? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 12. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 13-14; map 43. 
Higginson's U. S. 75. 

Why was it made? 

XVIII. Columbus's death. 

For portraits of Columbus, see Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 70-81. See 
references on Columbus above; also Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 80-81. 

XIX. Amerigo Vespucci. 
a. What is known of hmi? 

d. How came America to be named after him ? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 15, 16. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 121-8. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S. 8. Higginson's U. S. 64-8. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 
H. chap. H. 

Direction. — Voyage, as used below, includes the date, the object of the 
voyage, by whom the expedition was sent, and the route. 

XX. Ponce de Leon : Voyage, Discoveries, Result. 

Hildreth's U. S. I. 39-40. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. \l. 234-6. Higginson's 
U. S. 70-2. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 18. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 
147-8. Bancroft's U. S. I. 22-3. 

XXI. Nunez Balboa : Voyage, Discoveries. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 12. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 194-6. Mont- 
gomery's Amer. Hist. 19. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 142-6. Higginson's 
U. S. 68-70. Morris's Half Hours, I. 61-3. 

XXII. Magellan: Voyage, Discoveries. 

Hildreth's U. S. I. 42. Eggleston's Household U. S. 9, 12-13. Montgomery's 
Amer. Hist. 16. Life of Magellan, HerSfes of Hist, series. 

XXIII. Pamphilo Narvaez and Cabez de Vaca : Voyage and 
Hxpedition, Discoveries. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 21. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 150-6. Winsor's 
Hist, ot Amer. \ \. 2^2-^. 



SPANISH DISCOVERIES. 



5 



XXIV. Vasquez de Ayllon : Voyage and Expedition, Discoveries. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 149-50. Bancroft's U. S. I. 25. Winsor's Hist, of 
Amer. II. 238-9. Higginson's U. S. 72-4. 

XXV. What discoveries had the Spaniards made before Cortez 
came out? 

(Review.) 

XXVI. The Aztecs : 

Higginson's U. S. 9-10, 11, 17, 72-3. Amer. Ency. XI. 274. Ency. Brit. XVI. 
213. Prescott's Conq. Mex. I. chap. II. 42-57. 

a. Capitals. 

b. Law of succession. 

c. Government. 

d. Courts. 

e. Army. 

/. Rehgion. 

g. Schools. 

h. Money. 

/. Market-places. 
j. Irrigation. 
k. Products. 
/. Industries. 
m. Slaves. 

XXVII. Are there any reasons to suppose that the Aztecs would 
have become civilized in the modern sense, if they had been 
let alone by Europeans ? 

Can they be called civilized, compared with European nations 
at that time? 

XXVIII. Cortez: 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. chap. VI. Prescott's Conq. Mex. Bk. II. chap. II. 
171 + ; chap. III. 186+ ; 188 + ; chap. V. 210+ ; chap. VI. 222-3. 



6 



DISCOVERY. 



a. Early life. 

d. Character. 

c. Outfit and relation to those who sent him. 

d. The Aztec embassy. 

Prescott's Conq. Mex. Bk. II. chap. VI. 222-3. 

e. Conquest of Mexico. 

Higginson's U. S. 2, 4, 17, 19, 24, 63. Morris's Half Hours, I. 69. Prescott's 
Conq. Mex. Bk. I. 423 ; II. 39-51, 83. 

XXIX. DeSoto: 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 22. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 157-68. Hildreth's 
U. S. I. 47. Bancroft's U. S. I. 38-49. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. 244-53. 
Morris's Half Hours, I. 81 +. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 29-30. 

a. Character. 
d. Object. 

c. Expedition and route. 

d. Discoveries. 

e. Why did De Soto fail? 

XXX. What discoveries were made in the direction of CaHfornia? 

Hildreth's U. S. I. 48.' Bancroft's U. S. I. 31-7. Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 
585-93- 

See Alargon. 
Cabrillo. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. H. 444. 

Coronado. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. II. 480-5. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 30. 

First settlement at Santa F^. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 583. 

XXXI. Did the Portuguese make any discoveries on the coast 
of North America? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 140-1. Morris's Half Hours, I. 38. Winsor's Hist, of 
Amer. IV. 1-4. 

( 'ortreal. 



FRENCH DISCOVERIES. 



7 



XXXII. Make a summary of all discoveries giving Spain a claim 
to any parts of the new world. 

(Review.) 

French Discoveries. 

XXXIII. Verrazani: 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 175-9. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. 5-9. Higgin- 
son's U. S. 108. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 24. Hinsdale's Old North- 
west, 9. Parkman's Pio. of France, 193-9. 

a. Who sent him ? 

b. Discoveries. 

XXXIV. Why did ItaHans make voyages for other nations, but 
none which gave Italy any claim in the new world ? 

XXXV. Jacques Cartier. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 180, 188. Hildreth's U. S. I. 45-7. Montgomery's 
Amer. Hist. 26. Bancroft's U. S. I. 15. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. chap. II. 
Higginson's U. S. 111-12. Morris's Half Hours, 90+, Coffin's Old Times 
in Col. 27-8. Hinsdale's Old Northwest, 9-10. Parkman's Pio. of France, 
201-14, 220-5. 

a. First Voyage : Discoveries. 

b. Second Voyage : Discoveries. 

c. Third Voyage : Discoveries. 

XXXVI. Who were the Huguenots? 

.Myers's Mod. and Med. Hist. 461-6, 468. 

How were they persecuted ? 
What was the massacre of St. Bartholomew ? 
When was the Edict of Nantes promulgated for their protec- 
tion? What was it? 

Myers's Mod. and Med. Hist. 468. 

XXXVII. The French in Florida. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 190+, 194 +, 204+, 211+. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 
23. Hildreth's U. S. I. 71-5. Bancroft's U. S. I. 51-9. Higginson's U. S. 
115-20. Morris's Half Hours, I. 97+. Parkman's Pio. of France, 33+, 
chap. III., 48-50 in IV, 89-95 in VI., chaps. VII., VIII. 



8 



DISCOVERY. 



a. Jean Ribaut : What was his object in leading out a colony? 

b. Fort Caroline. 

c. The fort and colony in Florida. 

(Give the exact location.) 

XXXVIII. Why did the Spaniards hate the French Huguenots? 

XXXIX. The Spanish settlement. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 24-5. Hildreth's U. S. I. 73-5. Winsor's Hist, of 
Amer. H. 260-79. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 31-3. Parkman's Pio. of 
France, 96+, 131 157 +• Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 205, 207 +, 208, 213 +, 
220 +. Higginson's U. S. 119-20. 

a. Menendez : Life, Character. 

b. The contract under which he went out. 

c. The driving out of the French. 

d. The Spanish settlement. 

The following synopsis of the contract between Menendez and 
the king of Spain is given as an example of the way in which 
the pupil is to arrange such contracts in the note-book, and, 
in recitation, on the blackboard : 

Things Menendez was to do : 

1. To invade Florida with 500 men. 

2. To expel the French. 

3. To conquer the natives. 

4. To establish a colony. 

5. To send out 500 colonists, 100 of whom must 
be married. 



Contract between 
Menendez 
and 

the King of Spain. 



In return Menendez was 

1. To be governor of Florida for life. 

2. To receive a salary. 

3. To have 75 square miles of land as private 
property. 

[ 4. To have commercial privileges. 

Note. — In connection with Menendez's cruel expulsion of the French, the 
teacher will remind his class that the same man was appointed commander of 
the Armada, the Catholic crusade against Protestant England. He died before 
the expedition started from Spain. 



FRENXH DISCOVERIES. 



9 



XL. De Monts : 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 313-14. Hildreth's U. S. I. 92. Higginson's U. S. 
120-1. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 58-9. Parkman's Pio. of France, 243-4, 
245-6, 249-52, 257, 262-3, 266-9, 274-5. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. HI. 106-11. 

a. His company and patent. 

b. The discoveries made by De Monts and Champlain. 

c. The first permanent settlement made by the French in 

America. 

XLI. Who were the Five Nations? 

Bancroft's U. S. H. 106, 115-24. Eggleston's Household U. S. 71-8. Hildreth's 
U. S. I. 52, 56, 58-9, 66. Parkman's Jesuits in X. A., Preface, XX., LHI., 
LVI., LVH., 247. Maps: Parkman's Pio. of France, 399; Parkman's 
Montcalm and Wolfe, I. front.; Parkman's La Salle, front. ; Maccoun's Hist. 
Geog. of U. S. 

a. Names and location of tribes. 

b. Capital. 

c. Government. 

d. Civilization : Compare with the x^ztec civilization. 

e. Modes of warfare and cannibalism. 

Parkman's Pio. of France, 340-5. Parkman's Jesuits in X. A. 247. 

/. Their relations with other tribes, especially the Hurons, the 
Neutral Nation, and the Eries. 

Study the map carefully. 

XLI I. Champlain : 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 312-314, 321-2; H. 233. Higginson's U. S. 1*7-36. 
Morris's Half Hours, I. 172 + ; Coffin's Old Times in Col. 102-7. Park- 
man's Pio. of France, 239, 242, 248, 252-3. 325, 329-31, 339. 345-7 ; 349-50. 
361-2. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. chap. HI. 

a. Previous voyages. 

b. The founding of Quebec. 

c. The founding of ATontre^^l. 



10 



DISCOVERY. 



d. The expedition with the Hurons, and the discovery of Lake 

Champlain. 

e. The beginning of enmity between the French and the Five 

Nations. 

Previous references. 

/. Expeditions up the Ottawa River, and discoveries in that 
direction. 

Note. — The teacher will have pupils find out the provinces in France 
from which Cartier, De Monts, Champlain, etc., came, and point out the connec- 
tion ; also the connection between these expeditions and the earlier voyages 
to the Newfoundland fisheries from the same parts of France. 

XLIII. Who were the Jesuits? 

See any Ency., under Loyola. 

What was the object of the missions? 
The missions : 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 131. Parkman's Jesuits in N.A. chaps. II., VI., XXV. 
Parkman's La Salle, front. Parkman's Jesuits in N. A., front. Bancroft's 
U. S. II. 138-40, 142-3. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. chap. VI. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. II. 233-4. 

1 . Locations. 

2. Difficulties. 

3. Work accompHshed. 

4. Locate Machihmacinac. 

Let each pupil read carefully the account of the life of some 
one of the following missionaries : 

See Parkman's Jesuits in N. A. by index. 

Brebeuf. 

Bancroft's U. S. TI. 146 +. 

Jogues. 

Bancroft's U. S. II. 142, 145. 

Daniel. 

Banciuli s U. S. 1 1. T45 +. 



FRENCH DISCOVERIES. 



IT 



Garnier. 

Bancroft's U. S. II. 145. 

Lejeune. 
XLIV. La Salle: 

Maps, notes, etc., see Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. 200-46. 

a. The expedition of 1669-70. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 510-20. Parkman's La Salle, 12-16, 21 +. Hil- 
dreth's U. S. 1. 159-74. Bancroft's U. S. II. 154, 155. Montgomery's Amer. 
Hist. 133. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. 173 +, 180-2. 

1. Route. 

2. Meeting with JoHet. 

3. Discoveries. 

b. The expedition of JoHet and Marquette to discover the Mis- 

sissippi River. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 502-3. Bancroft's U. S. II. 154-5. Parkman's La 
Salle, 48-63, 67-70. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 132. 

c. The expedition, 1679-80. 

Hildreth's U. S. I. 154-9. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. 182-4. Parkman's La 
Salle, 117, 128, 13^-5 ; map, 294. 

1. Fort Niagara. 

2. The Griffin and the route to the Illinois. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 133 ; also chap. X. to p. 16. Parkman's La Salle, for 
reading. 

3. Hennepin^s exploration of the Upper Mississippi. 

Parkman's La Salle, chaps. XVII., XVIII. 

d. The expedition, 168 1-2. 

Parkman's La Salle, 278-86. Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 51Q-20. Hildreth's 
U. S. II. 115, 222. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. 245-56. 

I. The exploration of the Mississippi to its mouth. 

e. The expedition of 1684-7. 

Parkman's La Salle, chap. XXIV. to XXVII. for extra reading. 



12 



DISCOVERY. 



1. The attempt to colonize New Spain." 
Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 510-20. Bancroft's U. S. II. 154-5. 

2. Reason for the failure. 

3. The death of La Salle. 

XLV. Review and summary of all the discoveries of the Mis- 
sissippi River. 

XLVI. What were the weaknesses of the French system of 
colonization ? 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 1 17-18. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 24, 
and previous references. 

Note also that the French colonies were entirely Catholic. 
Protestants, especially Huguenots, were not allowed to come 
to the colonies. 

XLVII. The student will make a summary of all discoveries that 
gave France a claim to any part of the New World. 

Note. — Care must be taken to make the student place the discoveries of 
La Salle in proper chronological relation to the English settlements. That topic 
may be transferred to its place in point of time, if the teacher prefers. 



English Discoveries. 

XLVIII. TheCabots. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 14. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 129-36. Hildreth's 
U. S. I. 34-7. Bancroft's U. S. I. lo-ii. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 1-7. 
Higginson's U. S. 76-84. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 37-42. Doyle's Eng. 
Col. I. 23-6, 38. Eggleston's Household U. S. 9-11. 

a. Their nationahty. 

b. Where did they live ? 

c. What were the objects of their voyages? 

d. How many routes to India had already been found? 

e. The voyages, and the extent of Cabot's explorations. 

1 



ENGLISH DISCOVERIES. 



13 



/. Results of the voyages. 

g. What was the chief permanent value to England of Cabot's 
discoveries ? 

Isham's Fishery Question, 1-7. 

XLIX. Give all claims to the first discovery of the continent. 
Which is best ? Why ? 
Give proof for your conclusion. 

L. Martin Frobisher. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 26. Hildreth's U. S. I. 77-8. Doyle's Eng. Col. 
I. 46-7. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 230. Bancroft's U. S. I. 63. 

Objects of his voyages. 
Results. 

LI. W^hy were England and Spain hostile in the second half of the 
sixteenth century? 

Hildreth's U. S. I. 78. Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 194, 195, 199, 202, 204, 206-7, 
209, 212, 220-1. 

LII. Sir Francis Drake : 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 27. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 222, 250, 253 ; II. 570, 
572, 575, 576. Hildreth's U. S. I. 79, 84. Higginson's U. S. 90-6, 98-101. 
Bancroft's U. S. I. 66. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. chap. II. Also any 
Ency. 

a. Life. 

b. Adventures. 

c. Injuries inflicted on the Spaniards. 

d. Did he influence colonization in America? 

LIII. Sir Humphrey Gilbert : 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 27. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 229, 232-40. Hil- 
dreth's U. S. I. 78-80. Bancroft's U. S. I. 66-7, 68, 69. Coffin's Old 
Times in Col. 33. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 43-4, 47-51. 

a. How did he become interested in American colonization ? 

b. His patent. 



14 



DISCOVERY. 



c. Object of his voyages. 

d. Voyages and results. 

e. Causes of failure. 

/. Why are Gilbert's voyages and patent important? 

g. What became of Gilbert's patent? 

LIV. Sir Walter Raleigh : 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist, 28. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 240-61. Hildreth's 
U. S. I. 80-7. Bancroft's U. S. I. 71-9. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. HI. 
105-7. Morris's Half Hours, I. 105. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 35, 36. 
Higginson's U. S. 137-41. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 56-7, 59, 62-7, 67-72. 

a. Sketch of his Hfe. 

1. Relationship. 

2. Circumstances. 

3. Character. 

4. Position in England. 

5. Reasons for undertaking voyages to America. 

b. His patent. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 28. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. HI. 108. Eggle- 
ston's Household U. S. 14. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 56. 

1 . How obtained ? 

2. Extent of territory covered. 

3. Rights and powers granted. 

4. Conditions. 

c. His attempts at colonization. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hisf. 29. Eggleston's Household U. S. 15. Winsor's 
Hist, of Amer. HI. 108-10. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 56-7. Also references above. 

1. The voyage of Amidas and Barlowe ; results. 

2. The colony sent out under Grenville and Lane. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 29. Egs^leston's Household U. S. 16-17. Winsor's 
Hist, of Amer. HI. 111-12. Doyle's Eng. Col. 59, 62-5, 67. Also references 
above. 



ENGLISH DISCOVERIES. I 5 

3. The colony sent out under White. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 30. Eggleston's Household U. S. 18-19. Winsor's 
Hist, of Amer. III. 1 13-16. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 69-72. Also references 
above. 

d. Causes of his failure to colonize. 

e. Raleigh's later life. 

/. What became of Raleigh's charter? 

Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 236. Hildreth's U. S. I. 94. 

All claims to territory existing at 1600, and the basis of each. 
Put into diagram for the blackboard. 

MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 31, 44. From 
references previously given. 

What settlements had been made or attempted before 
1600 A.D. ? 

What effect had the discovery of America on Europe? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 43. 



II. COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 

I. What did Hakluyt do for colonization? 

Bancroft's U. S. I. 80. Hildreth's U. S. I. 88. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 
188-9. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 106. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 57. 

II. Gosnold's voyage. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 262-5. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 45. Bancroft's 
U. S. I. 79-80. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 105. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 56. 

a. Sent by whom? 

b. Object. 

Result ; change of route to the New World. 



i6 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



III. The Virginia Company. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 46. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 267. Bancroft's 
U. S. 85-6. Hildreth's U. S. I. 90. Doyle's Eng. Col. 1. 108-11. 

a. Its organization and composition. 

b. Its officers. 

c. The charter. 

See also outline given on p. 18. 

1. Territory granted. 

2. Rights and privileges given. 

3. Conditions on which they were given. 

4. Government. 

d. Division into two companies, and the territory granted each. 
Question : Why were CathoHcs not to be allowed to go to the 

new colony? How were they to be prevented from going? 
Compare with the French colonies, 
p. 19. 

IV. The settlement of Virginia. 

Hildreth's U. S. I. chap. IV. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 112-22, 130-4. Mont- 
gomery's Amer. Hist. 47-50. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 267-304. Bancroft's 
U. S. 1. 85-6, 91-108. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 127-32. Higginson's 
U. S. 143-51. Morris's Half Hours, I. 116 +. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 
87-91. Eggleston's Household U. S. 21-8. 

a. What bargain did the company make with the colonists? 

b. The character and outfit of the colonists? 

c. How was the colony to be governed ? 

d. Who were the officers and leaders of the colony ? 

e. Location of the colony. 

/. Give an account of John Smith before he came to Virginia. 

g. Give an account of him in the Virginia colony. 

h. The starving time. 

The difficulties and failures of the colony ; what w^ere the 
reasons for them? 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



17 



/. Lord Delaware. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 51. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 296-7, 306. Ban- 
croft's U. S. I. 101-3, 107. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IH. 133-7. Doyle's 
Eng. Col. I. 133-4, 136. Higginson's U. S. 149, 167. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 28-9. 

1. An account of his coming out. 

2. What changes did he make? 
k, "^he first Colonial Assembly. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 306. Bancroft's U. S. I. iii, 112, 117. Winsor's Hist, 
of Amer. IH. 143. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 53. Hildreth's U. S. L 118. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 33. 

1. Note that this assembly exercised, and thus claimed for the 

colony, the following rights : 

a. The right of representation. 

b. The right to elect its own officers. 

c. The right to initiate laws. 

2. What was the franchise by which members were elected? 
/. Slavery in Virginia. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 54. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 36-7. Higginson's U. S. 
85-90. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 45-9. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 302. 
Hildreth's U. S. I. 119. Bancroft's U. S. I. 125-6. Winsor's Hist, of 
Amer. III. 143, 152-3. 

1. Indented servants. 

2. White slavery (not hereditary). 

Macaulay's Hist. Eng. chap. V. 582. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 384. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 104. Green's Shorter Hist, of Eng. 666. Bancroft's U. S. 
I. 125. 

Remark. — Note Cromwell's prisoners, the eight hundred exiles sold on 
Jeffrey's bloody circuit, and the sale of condemned criminals by the magistrates 
at Bristol as a source of profit. Neil, in his " History of the Virginia Company " 
(J. Munsell, Albany), gives a very interesting account of the sending out of white 
slaves, young and old, in the days of the Virginia Company. 

3. Negro slavery. 

a, Hawkin's voyages for slaves. Note the slave trade 
carried on by England at this time. 



i8 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



b. Introduced in Virginia. 

See references above. 

c. How were negroes held and treated at first? 
m. The relation of the colony to the Indians. 

Morris's Half Hours, I. 130. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 478-9. Bancroft's U. S. 
I. 128. Hildieth's U. S. I. 124. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 145. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S. 35-6. 

1. In the early days of the colony. 

2. The massacre. 

n. The breaking up of the Virginia Company. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 176-7, 179-82. Bancroft's U. S. I. 130-3. 

1. Why and how was it broken up? 

2. What changes did the breaking up of the Company make in 



o. General characteristics of the Virginia colony. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 52. Bancroft's U. S. I. 107-8, 152. Winsor's Hist, 
of Amer. III. 144. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 187. 201. Eggleston's Household 
U. S. 30-1, 32, 34, 91-102, 113, 119. Hildreth's U. S. I. 115. 

1. Growth and industries. 

2. How was land held and inherited ? 

3. Printing and schools. 

4. Religion. 

5. Duties and commerce. 

6. Reasons why no towns grew up. 
Local government in Virginia. 

Macy's Our Government, 16-17. Fiske's Civil Government, 57, 64-5. 



the Virginia colony? 



THE VIRGINIA COMPANY CHARTER. 



In 1606. Given by King James I. 




COLOMZATIOX AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



19 



Territory granted . 



The Virginia Company 
was divided into two ^ 
companies, viz. 



From Lat. 34^ N. 
To Lat. 45° N. 

The London Company. 
Ter. — From 34^ N. 
To 41° N. 
The Plymouth Company. 
Ter. — From 38^ N. 
To 450 N. 



Government 



^ Each company was to be governed by a council 
<j of thirteen, who were to act according to the 
1^ king's instructions. 



Conditions on which the 
charter was granted . 



Rights granted to the 
companies .... 



Later additions 



" The companies were 

1 . To pay homage to the king. This included 

the oath of allegiance and supremacy. 

2. To pay into the king's treasury as tribute 

1 /g of all the gold and silver found, and 
1 /i5 of the copper found. 

1. To coin money. 

2. To defend their settlements. 

3. To tax all trade from outside their own colonies. 

4. That all colonists, and their children forever, 

should be full and free English citizens. 

5. That all land should be held by right of free 

inheritance, and should be transferable. 

That all property should be held in common 

for five years. 
Entire freedom from the payment of taxes to 

England was granted for seven years. 



In 1609. The charter was renewed and enlarged. No CathoHc 
could go out. The oath of allegiance to the king of England 
was required of all colonists going out, and no CathoUc could 
take it. 

In 161 1. The charter was again renewed and enlarged. 



20 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



THE PLYMOUTH COMPANY CHARTER. 

Up to 1620 the Plymouth Company and the London Com- 
pany were both governed under the charter of the Virginia Com- 
pany. In 1620 the difficulties between the Virginia Company and 
King James L, which led to its dissolution in 1623, had begun, and 
the merchants of the Plymouth Company prudently secured a 
separate charter, to secure themselves against the probable loss of 
their land grant and rights. 

In 1620 a separate charter, similar to the one given to the 
Virginia Company, was given to the merchants of the Plymouth 
Company. 

Points in which the Plymouth Company charter differed from the 
Virginia Company charter. 

Territory granted . . . | ^'^^"^ "^^"^ ^" ^^"^ ""^^^"'^ ^^^^ 

I sea, including fisheries and the fur trade. 

Government / ^ self-perpetuating council of forty members, 

I with full powers of self-government. 

r The same as given in the Virginia Company 

Conditions i , ^ 

I charter. 

Rights I 



The same as given in the Virginia Company 
charter. 



Plymouth Colony had no charter. The Virginia Company 
gave the colonists a patent, or grant of territory and privileges. 
This patent was worthless, since the colony did not settle within 
the limits of the Virginia Company's territory. They afterwards 
obtained a patent from the council for New England (the Ply- 
mouth Company) . This patent was never confirmed by the king, 
and so was not worth very much in law. 



All land included between a line drawn north 
from the mouth of Narragansett River and one 
this patent was . . ^ drawn west from the mouth of Cohasset Creek, 
including fisheries and fur trading. 



The territory granted by 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



21 



The Plymouth colonists were too poor to found a colony for 
themselves, and so they made the following bargain with certain 
London merchants : 

1. The merchants, or "adventurers," and the 
colonists were to be a joint stock company. 

2. Each adventurer contributing ;!^io had one 
share. 

3. Each colonist above 16 years old who came 
out had one share. 

4. Each colonist who came out and also contrib- 
uted ;i^"io had two shares. 

5. Each colonist who brought out one domestic 
above 16 years old had one share extra ; or 
one domestic not 16 years old, one-half share 
extra. This included wives and children. 

6. The profits of all trade, work, fishing, etc., for 
seven years were to be paid into a common 
treasury. 

7. All colonists were to be provided with the 
necessaries of life from the common stock 
until division. 

8. At the end of seven years both capital and 
profits were to be divided among the stock- 
holders. 

In 1627 the colony bought out the shares of the adventurers for 
;^i8oo. Eight of the chief men of the colony advanced the 
amount, and received in return a monopoly of trade with the 
Indians for six years. 

MASSACHUSETTS COLONY. 

Massachusetts colony first received a grant from the Plymouth 
Company ; then, because the colonists feared that the Plymouth 
Company would be dissolved as the Virginia Company had been, 
they got a separate charter from the king. Soon after the com- 
pany secretly voted to remove in a body to the new colony, and 
take its charter with it. This was the first charter ever brought 
to America. 



Contract between the 



and certain London 
merchants. 



22 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY'. 



1629. Massachusetts Colony Company charter. 

From three miles north of any part of the 
Merrimac River. 

Territory 'i three miles south of any part of the Charles 

River, inland to the South Sea, with a full 
grant of fisheries. 

{A Governor, 
A Deputy-Governor, and ' "^^^^^^ 
Assistants. j ^^^P^^^' 

Four " General Courts," or meetings, at which all freemen could 
be present, were to be held each year. 

The powers of the Gen- ( i. To make laws. 

eral Court were . . I 2. To establish the form of government. 

No royal negative upon the acts of these courts was reserved 
in this charter. 

1. The beaver skin trade. 

2. Salt-making. 

3. Land grants. 

4. Trade in furs at 25 per cent, profit on all sup- 
plies used. 

Note. — The freemen were all church members who were heads of families. 



The stockholders of the 
company were to have < 
exclusive right to . 



V. The two parties in England. 

Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 122-3. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 14, 27-34. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. I. 371-4. Bancroft's U. S. L 183-4, IQO- Hildreth's U. S. L 153-6. 
Coffin's Old Times in Col. 111-115. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 69. Win- 
sor's Hist, of Amer. HI. 257. Eggleston's Household U. S. 37. 

a. The difficulty between them. 

If, Define Separatist and Puritan. 

c. The causes of the Puritan emigration from England. 

VL The Plymouth Company. 

Johnston's U. S. 49-50. Doyle's Eng. Col. H. 23. See outline given on p. 20. 

a. Composition. 
^. Government. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



23 



c. Charter. 

1. Territory granted. 

2. Rights and privileges given. 

3. Conditions on which they were given. 

4. What differences were there between its charter and the 

Virginia Company's charter? 

VIL Plymouth colony. 

Coffin's Old Times in Col. chaps. VII., VIII. Morris's Half Hours, 145 +. 
Higginson's U. S. 153-8. Coffin's Story of Lib. 356. Doyle's Eng. Col. 

II. 27-64. Bryant's Popular Hist. L 370-423. Bancroft's U. S.I. 198-214. 
Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 133-42, 147, 153, 221-2, 152-3, 190, 193-4, 155-^3. 164, 
167, 171, 173-6, 181-2, 184-7, 211-13, 223, 225. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 

III. chap. Vni. Moore's Pilgrims and Puritans, maps, front, 24,29,33, 
44, III. For maps, see Coffin's Old Times in Col.; Front. Doyle's Eng. 
Col. II. ; Winsor's Hist of Amer. HI. chap. VIII.; MacCoun's Hist. Geog. 

a. The Pilgrims in England and Holland. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 27-30, 33-5. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 133-42, 147. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. I. 370-81. Bancroft's U. S. 1. 198-200. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 
III. 257-64. 

b. Their contract with the London merchants. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 41-2, 61-2. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 153, 221-2, 227-30. 
Bancroft's U. S. I. 201, 204. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 381, 385, 416, 427. 

c. Grant and territory. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 43. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 152-3, 190, 193-4. 

d. Location. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 50. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 164, 167, 171. Bancroft's U. S. 
I. 207-9. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 387. 

e. Kind of colonists, outfit^ etc. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 266-70. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 44-9. Palfrey's 
N. Eng. I. 155-63. 

/. Government of colony. 

Fiske's Civil Govt. 192. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 388. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 
49, 54. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 165. Higginson's U. S. 156. Bancroft's U. S. 
I. 206. 



24 COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 

g. Methods of defence and relations with the Indians. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 53, 67. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 178-9. 

h. Peculiarities, difficulties, first winter, incidents, etc. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 52, 65. Bancroft's U. S. I. 210-14. Palfrey's N. Eng. 
I. 173-6, 181-2, 184-7, i98-9» 211-13, 223, 225. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 
3^5-7. 388-99, 400-12, 417, 427. 

/. Settlements which sprang from Plymouth. Fill out. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 69-70, 74. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 418-23. Palfrey's 
N. Eng. I. 339, 539. 

VIII. Massachusetts colony. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 78, 79, 80. Bryant's Popular Hist. L 518, 525-9, 
530-2. Hildreth's U. S. I. 176-87. Bancroft's U. S. I. 222-4, 226, 230-1, 
233. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 310-16. Higginson's U. S. 158-64. 
Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 287-90, 301. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 87, 90, 92, 97. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 42-5. 

a. From what company did it receive its first grant ? 

b. Had it a charter from the king? How did the colony get it 

to America? 

c. Colonists. 

Bancroft's U. S. I. 223, 226, 231, 233. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 518. Palfrey's 
N. Eng. I. 287+. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 87+. 

1 . From what places in England ? Fill out. 

2. Character, religion, property, outfit. 

The settlements around Massachusetts Bay. Locate exactly 
five or six. 

Palfrey's N. Eng. 1. 323. Bancroft's U. S. I. 226, 230, 231, 237, 239. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. I. 526. 

e. Government. 

Notice the religious test as a qualification for the franchise. 

Bancroft's U. S. L 224. Doyle's Eng. Col. H. 92, 93, 97, 101-3. Hildreth's 
U. S. I. 180, 183, 186, 187. Doyle's Eng. Col. H. 109, 112. Palfrey's N. Eng. 
L 345. Macy's Our Govt. 26. Fiske's Civil Govt. 16-24. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



25 



/. Early growth, industries, slaves, etc. 

Bancroft's U. S. I. 280-1. Eggleston's Household U. S. 99-103. Johnston's 
U. S. 53, 55, 70, 78-9. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 383-4. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 
187, 201, and above; II. chap. I. 52-3, 89. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 
316-18. 

g. Treatment of Dissenters. 

Lodge's Colonies. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 472, 486-7. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 
129-36. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 553-6. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 81. 
Hildreth's U. S. I. 242-6. Bancroft's U. S. II. 260-4. Morris's Half Hours, 
1. 157-8. 

1. Anne Hutchinson. 

2. Roger Williams : Pastorate in Massachusetts. Causes of 

trouble. Banishment. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 81. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 533-47. Hil- 
dreth's U. S. L 221, 227-9, 230. Bancroft's U. S. I. 249-253, 296. Morris's 
Half Hours, 156-9. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 114-16, 120-3. Coffin's Old 
Times in Col. 187. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 406-12, 417-24. 

IX. Settlements in Rhode Island. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 109-11. Johnston's U. S. 66, 67, 68. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. II. 39, 99 +. Hildreth's U. S. I. 230-1, 256. Bancroft's U. S. 
I. 296. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 335-9. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 
chaps. XII., XIII. Doyle's Eng. Col. IL 179-81, 184-6. 

a. Locations. 

I. By Roger WiUiams. 
2» By Anne Hutchinson. 

3. Other settlements. 

b. Had the colony any grant or other right to the land it 

occupied ? 

c. Government to 1644. 

References above. 

X. Settlements in New Hampshire. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 92-4. Johnston's U. S. 59-60. Hildreth's U. S. I. 
258. Bancroft's U. S. I. 217-18, 262. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 326-7. 
Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 201-2, 204, 210. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 522-3. Coffin's 
Old Times in Col. chap. XII. Eggleston's Household U. S. 46. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. I. 333, 336; II. 27-38, 419-25. 



26 COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



a. Grant to Mason and Gorges and its division. 

b. Colonists : where did they come from ? 

c. Location of settlements. 

d. Government and relation to Massachusetts colony. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. IL 202, 213, and above. 

XI. Settlements in Maine. 

Johnston's U. S. 38, 39, 58. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 94. Hildreth's U. S. 
1.266. Palfrey's N. Eng. II. 12, 383-4. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 201, 215, 
216, 230, 304-6, 325. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 335-6. 

a. Station from Plymouth. 

b. Division of the Mason and Gorges' grant. 

c. Settlements from Massachusetts. 

d. On what ground did Massachusetts claim jurisdiction over 

Maine as far east as the Penobscot River? 

Note. It seems best to omit all mention of the grant to Stirling of Maine east 
of the Penobscot River. It can be brought up in connection with the grant to the 
Duke of York in 1664. It will be found on the map showing the grants made by 
the Plymouth Company in MacCoun's Historical Geography. 

XII. The Connecticut setdements. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 96, 98. Johnston's U. S. 61-2. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. 1.540-52; II. 22-6. Hildreth's U. S. I. 217, 229, 230, 232, 260, 262. 
Bancroft's U. S. I. 264, 265, 271. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 330-1. 
Coffin's Old Times in Col. 171 +. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 153-4, i57~9- Lodge's 
Colonies. Maps. — Palfrey's N. Eng. I. front. ; Doyle's Eng. Col. II. III. 

a. Why were they made? 

b. Under what patent or grant, if any, were they made ? 

c. The Hartford group. 

1 . The colonists : where did they come from ? 

2. Locations. 

3. Government of the Hartford settlements. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 22, 23, 24, 36. Bancroft's U. S. I. 270, 272. Palfrey's 
N. Eng. I. 444, 450, 452-4. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 153-4, 157-89. Fiske's 
Civil Govt. 192-3, 329. 



COLOXIZATIOX AND COLONTAL HISTORY. 



27 



4. What ciirterence was there between the ^Massachusetts and 
the Hartford settlements in respect to the franchise? 
d. The New Haven group. 

Montgomer>''s Amer. Hist. 99. Johnston's U. S. 64. Bryant's Popular Hist. 
H. 27, 38-. Hildreth's U. S. I. 262. Bancroft's U. S. I. 271-2. Winsor's 
Hist, of Amer. HI. 332-3. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 528-31. Doyle's Eng. Col. 
n. 190-3. Lodge's Colonies. 

1. Lx)cation. 

2. Colonists. 

3. Reasons for a separate colony. 

4. Peculiarities. 

5. Relations with the other colonies. 

Xni. The breaking up of the Plymouth Company. 

Hildreth's U. S. 226. Bancroft's U. S. I. 275. 

a. Review its origin and charter. 

b. Make out a list of all grants made by it. 

Johnston's U. S. 52, 59, 64. MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. Doyle's Eng. Col. 

n. 202. 

c. Why was it dissolved ? 

d. Did its dissolution affect the government of any of the colonies 

which had been planted on its lands ? 

XIV. Common to the Xew England colonies. 
a. The Pequod war. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 556-8; H. chap. I. Doyle's Eng. Col. H. 161-78, 
169. Morris's Half Hours, I. 163-71. Hildreth's U. S. I. 247-52. Ban- 
croft's U. S. I. 266-8. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 176-82. Montgomery's 
Amer. Hist. 97. Lodge's Colonies. 

1. Cause. 

2. Between whom ? 

3. Important incidents. 

4. Results. 

5. What was the military system in the colonies? 



28 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



b. The beginning of Harvard College. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 82. Johnston's U. S. 79. Hildreth's U. S. I. 263. 
Bancroft's U. S. I. 280. Palfrey's N. Eng. 1. 549. 

c. The New England Confederation. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 83. Johnston's U. S. 70. Bryant's Popular Hist. 
11.49. Hildreth's U. S. I. 285, 304. Bancroft's U. S. I. 291-3. Palfrey's 
N. Eng. I. 625, 630. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 233-4. 

1. The reason for it. 

2. The colonies in it. 

Why was Rhode Island kept out ? 

Teachers see Frothingham's Rise of the Republic. Lodge's Colonies. 

3. The articles of agreement : giving organization, object, 

business of, jurisdiction. 

4. Why was the Confederation important? 

d. The Body of Liberties of Massachusetts colony. 

Bancroft's U. S. I. 282-4. Hildreth's U. S. I. 274. Palfrey's N. Eng. II. 24- 
30. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 62 -f-. 

The student will make out a list of six or seven points which the 
colonists claimed as liberties. Do we claim them all now? 

Note. — While the Body of Liberties was not adopted as a whole in the other 
colonies, copies were obtained and many similar laws and declarations were issued. 

e. Local government. 

Macy's Our Govt. 10-13. 

1. General plan. 

2. Town meetings. 

3. Town officers. 

4. Town business. 

5. The county. 

Macy's Our Govt. 13-14. 

6. County business. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



29 



Note. — Considerable pains should be taken to give the student a clear idea 
of the meaning of the term, local government. He will usually be found entirely 
without definite ideas about the body or the authority which takes care of local 
matters, parks, roads, schools, etc. 

XV. The settlement of New York colony. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 59-60. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 346-64, 366-8. 
Hildreth's U. S. I. 136, 138, 140-1. Bancroft's U. S. I. 481-3, 508-11. 
Morris's Half Hours, I. 183-92. Higginson's U. S. 151-2. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 47-8. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 142. 

a. First discoveries of New York Harbor. 

b. Henry Hudson. 
Sent by whom ? 
Discoveries. 

c. First settlements. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 61, 62. Johnston's U. S. 28. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. I. 365-9. Hildreth's U. S. I. 142-4, 147. Bancroft's U. S. I. 492, 496, 
498,507-8. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. chap. VHI. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 49. 

1. Under what company? 

2. Locations. 

3. Colonists. 

4. Who were the Patroons? What special rights and privi- 

leges did the Patroons secure from the Dutch West India 
Company? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 63. Bryant's Popular Hist. I. 430-4. Coffin's Old 
Times in Col. 144-5. Bancroft's U. S. I. above. 

d. The growth of the New Netherland colony. 

See above. 

e. Its pecuHarities and characteristics. 
See above. 

/. Its relation to the English colonies. 

See above. 

1. Boundary questions. 

2. Runaway slaves, servants, and debtors. 



30 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



g. Local government in New York. 

Macy's Our Govt. 14-15. 

XVI. The Swedes in Delaware. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 113. Johnston's U. S. 29-30. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. I. 466-9. Hildreth's U. S. I. 413, 431-4, 441. Bancroft's U. S. \. 
501-3. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. IV. chap. IX.; map 501. Coffin's Old 
Times in Col. 199-201. Eggleston's Household U. S. 50. 

a. Object of the colony. 

b. Location and territory. 

c. What claim had the Swedes to any territory in America ? 
Did they secure themselves in any way? 

d. How did the Dutch get possession of the colony of New 

Sweden ? 

XVIL Maryland colony. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 103-4. Johnston's U. S. 89-90. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. I. 484-97. Hildreth's U. S. I. 204-6, 209-10, 213. Bancroft's U. S. I. 
155-6^ 159-62, 165, 168. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 293-5. Doyle's Eng. 
Col. 1. 276, 281, 283-5. Morris's Half Hours, I. 139. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 50-3, 56. 

a. Define a " proprietor." 

b. The founder of Maryland colony. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 102. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 517-19. 

c. His grant and charter. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 520-1. 

d. His object in founding a colony. 

e. Location. 
/. Colonists. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 524-6. 

g. Growth and industries. 

h. Clayborne and Kent Island. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 105. W^insor's Hist, of Amer. III. 527. Doyle's 
Eng. Col, I. 294, 293. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



31 



/. The Toleration Act. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 530, 535. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 305. 

Was there reUgious toleration in any colony besides Mary- 
land? 

/. Mason and Dixon's line. 

Johnston's U. S. 91. 

XVIII. The Student will make a list of as many differences as he 
can find between the New England and the Southern 
colonies, and be prepared to explain them. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. I. chap. XIII. in addition to points gained from former 
references. 

XIX. a. When and why did Charles I. lose the government of 
England ? 

Coffin's Old Times in Col, chap. XIV. Palfrey's N. Eng. I. 561-79, 584. 
Green's Shorter Hist, of Eng. Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 238-47. 

b. What government did England have between the death of 

Charles I. and ^'The Restoration"? 

c. Where was Charles II. before the Restoration? 
Had he any power or rule ? 

Which colonies were on the side of the Commonwealth? 
Why? 

e. Which colonies were on the side of the king ? Why ? 
/. To which colonies did emigration from England increase 
under the Commonwealth? Why? 

Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 267-319; also above and previous references. Johnston's 
U. S. 31, 32, 33, 35. Coffin's Old Times in Col. chap. XIV. 

g. To which colonies did it decrease? Why? 

h. The Navigation Acts. 

Johnston's U. S. 71. Bancroft's U. S. I. 352-5. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 19. Washington and His Country, 130, Higginson's U, S. 217-18, 
Eggleston's Household U, S. 99-103. 



32 



COLONIZATIOX AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



1. Reasons for the adoption of the act of 1651. 

How was it enforced in New England? In Virginia? 

2. Reasons for re-enacting the Navigation Act in 1660. 
How was the second act enforced in the colonies? 

/. What was the Restoration ? 

Johnston's U. S. 33. Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 257-62. Green's Shorter 
Hist, of Eng. 

What changes did it make in England? 

Notice especially the change of religion and the change of 
parties in power as related to the colonies and their interests. 

XX. Events in the colonies following the Restoration. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 100. Johnston's U. S. 58, 65, 67, 94, 113. 



(Student fill out.) 

b. Questions : 

1. AVhy was the Rhode Island charter no longer good? 

2. How did the Connecticut charter affect the New Haven 

colony ? 

3. How did the change in the Connecticut colonies affect the 

New England confederation ? Why was the king opposed 
to it? When did it cease to meet? 

Palfrey's N. Eng. H. 239; HL 71-3, 166, 445. Higginson's U. S. 222. Doyle's 
Eng. Col. HI. 155, and references previously given. 

c. The grants to the Duke of York included what ? 
MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of the U. S. 

I. What grants were made by the Duke of York? To whom? 
Johnston's U. S. 122. 




4 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



33 



d. The capture of New Netherlands by the Enghsh. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 64. Higginson's U. S. 210-11. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 51-2. Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 262. Hildreth's U. S. I. 444-7. 

e. Settlements in the Jerseys. 

Johnston's U. S. 123. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 66. Bancroft's U. S. I. 520, 
523 +. Hildreth's U. S. II. 51, 57-9, 61, 78. Eggleston's Household U. S. 
58. 59. 

1. Had there been earUer settlements in the Jerseys? 

2. Locations - 

3. Colonists: from where? Reasons for coming. 

4. Why called the Jerseys. 
/. Settlements in the Carolinas. 

Johnston's U. S. 94-5, 97, loi. Eggleston's Household U. S. 55. Montgomery's 
Amer. Hist. 116, 117. Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 268-72, 276-7, 355-8, 360, 
362. Hildreth's U. S. II. 25-28, 29, 33-4, 21CK13. Bancroft's U. S. I. 408-11, 
416-18, 420, 429-30. 432-4- 

1. The grant and charter. 

a. To whom? 

b. Territory. 

(Fill out boundaries.) 

c. Government. 

See Locke's scheme, the " Grand Model." Montgomer}''s Amer. Hist. 118. 

2. The settlements. 

(Locate each carefully.) 

a. From Virginia. 

Morris's Half Hours, I. 203. Eggleston's Household U. S. 56-7. Doyle's 
Eng. Col. 1. 331, 335, 357-8. 

b. Under the new company. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 117. 

c. The Huguenots. Revocation of Edict of Nantes. 

Myers's Med. and Mod. Hist. 496-7, 



34 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



3. Industries. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 119, and above. 

4. Enslavement of the Indians. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 359, 373. Morris's Half Hours, II. 37. 

5. Which of the early colonies were the Carolina colonies most 

like? In what points? 

XXI. The Quakers. 

Johnston's U. S. 56, 125-9, 130-1. Br}'ant*s Popular Hist. II. chap. VIII. 
Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 84-7. Bancroft's U. S. I. 530, 539-41. Hildreth's 
U. S. I. 399, 401-9, 475-6, 485. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 469-71, 472. 
Higginson's U. S. 202-6. Morris's Half Hours, I. 217. Coffin's Old Times 
in Col. 216-223. Palfrey's N. Eng. II. 452-3,463,466,484. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 58-62. 

a. Their origin. 

See Fox. 

b. When did they first come to America? Into w^hat colonies? 

c. What were their doctrines? 

d. How were their practices different from those of other people? 

e. In what colonies were they persecuted ? How ? 

XXII. Pennsylvania colony. 

a. WilHam Penn : 

Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 472+. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 473-6. Ban- 
croft's U. S. I. 552, 556, 563, 565, 569. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 121. 
Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 477-8. Eggleston's Household U. S. 60. 

1. Early life and character. 

2. His grant and charter. Give the boundaries of his grant 

exactly. 

3. What territory did he acquire in addition to his grant? 

How? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 67, 114. Eggleston's Household U. S. 59, 61. Hil- 
dreth's U. S. II. 51, 57, 58. Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 480-86. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



35 



b. Penn's colony. 

Winsor's Hist.,of Amer. III. 480-5. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 122. Bancroft's 
U. S. 1.552, 556, 563, 565, 569-70. Hildreth's U. S. 11.66,72-3,75,98. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. II. 487-98. 

1. Object. 

2. Location. 

3. What previous settlers did he find on his land ? 

4. Settlers ; nationalities, etc. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 61, 62. 

5. Government. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 123 +. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 485-6. 

6. Relations with the Indians. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 124. 

7. Growth and industries. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 491-3. 

8. Rehgious toleration. 

Coffin's Old Times in Col. chap. XXIV. 

9. Local government in Pennsylvania. 

Macy's Our Govt. 15-16. 

XXIIL King PhiHp's War. 

Palfrey's N. Eng. III. 143-7, 153-6, 203-4. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 161-78. 
Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 88. Johnston's U. S. 72-3. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. II. chap. XVII. Hildreth's U. S. I. 479-88, 491-3. Morris's Half 
Hours, I. 225+. Coffin's Old Times in Col. chap. XVIII. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 78-91. Cent. Magazine, XXVI. 7, 9-18. 

Causes. 

The Indian methods of warfare. Incidents. 

To what extent did King Philip's War retard colonization ? 

XXIV. The Bacon Rebellion. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 56, 57. Johnston's U. S. 86. Hildreth's U. S. I. 
532-4, 544-47. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 245-8, 253. 



36 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



a. How had Virginia been treated by the king since the Restora- 

tion? 

b. The condition of the colony. 

c. The rebelHon and its punishment. 

XXV. England's attempt to unite the colonies under a royal 
governor. 

a. Who was the Duke of York ? 

Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 270 +. Green's Shorter Hist, of Eng. 

What kind of a man was he ? 
When did he become king? 

b. When and how did Massachusetts colony lose its charter? 

Higginson's U. S. 218-19. Johnston's U. S. 58, 74. Hildreth's U. S. I. 502, 
504-6. 

What differences did the king intend the loss of the charter to 
make in the government of the colony? 

Hildreth's U. S. I. 496-7, 502. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 220-1, 225. Palfrey's 
N. Eng. III. 306-7, 316-17, 376, 390, 394. 

c. Sir Edmund Andros. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 100. Johnston's U. S. 65, 74. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. n. 387-95. Hildreth's U. S. II. 55, 60,82,86-9. Bancroft's U. S. I. 
590-5. Morris's Half Hours, I. 243. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 265-70. 
Higginson's U. S. 220. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 234-6, 243, 245, 249, 252, 
262-7. Palfrey's N. Eng. III. 513-16, 521, 524, 529-30, 531, 537, £42-5, 577, 
590, 593- 

1. In what colony had he been governor before he was sent to 

New England? 

2. His authority and instructions. 

3. His acts. 

4. Why did the colonists object to him ? 

The student will make a list of acts and requirements to 
which the colonists objected. 

5 . Was he a tyrant or a faithful servant of the king ? 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



37 



6. How did his rule in the colonies end ? 

Johnston's U. S. 74. 

d. How long did James H. keep the crown of England? How 
did he lose it? 

Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 278-80. 

Who were William and Mary? 

Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 280-284. 

W^hat claim had they to the throne of England ? 
When was the English revolution? 

XXVI. Following the English revolution in the colonies : 
a. The new jNIassachusetts charter. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 90. Hildreth's U. S. II. 141-2. Palfrey's N. Eng. 
IV. 75-6, 80. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 290 +. 

Points in which the new Massachusetts charter differed from the 
old. 

a. The governor was appointed directly by the king. 

b. The governor had the right to appoint a great many colonial 

officers, especially all militia officers, and with the consent of 
his council, most of the judges. 

c. The governor had the right to veto all laws and bills passed by 

the General Court, and the king reserved a further right to 
annul any law within three years after its passage. 

d. The colony was required to give complete religious toleration 

to all denominations of Christians. 

e. The right to vote was made dependent upon the possession of 

a certain amount of property. 
/. The territory of Massachusetts was made to include 
The old colony of Massachusetts. 
Plymouth colony. 
Maine and Nova Scotia. 



38 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



Western lands to the Pacific Ocean, except New York. 

See MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. 

Note. — About this time the Collector of the Customs became a very impor- 
tant ofiicer, and England began to make great efforts to enforce the Navigation 
Acts. Admiraity Courts, composed of officers appointed by the king, which tried 
cases without any jury, were instituted to try revenue and admiralty cases. These 
courts, however, were not very successful in breaking up smuggling, which grew in 
proportion to the efforts made to enforce the Navigation Acts. 

b. The Salem witchcraft. 

Johnston's U. S. 57. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 89. Byrant's Popular Hist. II. 
chap. XIX. Bancroft's U. S. II. 51-3, 58-66. Hildreth's U. S. II. 145-6, 
161, 165. Morris's Half Hours, 233+. Coftin's Old Times in Col. chap. 
XXV. Higginson's U. S. 206-10. Palfrey's N. Eng. IV. 96 -f. Doyle's 
Eng. Col. II. 298^. 

1. What was the common belief about witches and witchcraft? 

2. How was witchcraft proved? 

3. How was it punished? 

4. The witchcraft troubles in New England. 

5 . How were they stopped ? 

c. King William's War. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 27S-84. Montgomer>-'5 Eng. Hist 285-6. Mont- 
gomer}''s Amer. Hist. 135. Johnston's U. S. 75, 76, 77. Br\'ant's Popular 
Hist. III. 16-22, 29-31, 33. Coffin's Old Times in Col. chap. XXII. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 120-4. Palfi-ey's N. Eng. IV. 29, 32,36,45, 49, 
50. Parkman's Old Regime, 236 +. 

1. Cause. 

2. Capture of Port Royal. 

3. Treaty of Ryswick. 

Hinsdale's Old Northwest, 56. Hildreth's U. S. II. 126, 130-1, 133, 196. 

XXVn. Queen Anne's War. 

Johnston's U. S. 105. Palfrey's N. Eng. IV. 260-4, 269-71, 277. Montgomery's 
Amer. Hist. 135. Montgomer}- s Eng. Hist. 291-4, 297. Br}-ant's Popular Hist. 
HI. 122-6. Bancroft's U. S. II. 19S, 206. Eggleston's Household U. S. 
124-6. Coffin's Old Times in Col. chap. XXVI. Hildreth's U. S. II. 225, 
227, 252-3, 258, 262, 276. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 347-8, 350, 369, 373 +. John- 
ston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 26. Hinsdale's Old Northwest, 56. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 30 

Cause. 

Second capture of Port Royal. 
The Indian in the war. 
The treaty of Utrecht. 

(Notice the Assiento clause, which gave England the supplying of slaves to the 
Spanish colonies, and so gave her a commercial interest in promoting the 
slave trade in the American colonies.) 

XXVIII. The settlement of Georgia. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 126-9. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 143-51, 153-5, 
165-6; map, 156. Bancroft's U. S. II. 281-6, 298. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 
V. 361-392. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 350-6, chap. XXIX. Ego^leston's 
Household U. S. 63-9. Johnston's U. S. 107-10. Hildreth's U. S. II. 
362-8. Washington and His Country, 52. 

a. The grant and charter. 

b. The proprietor. 

c. The object for which the colony was founded. 

d. The character of the colonists. 

e. The pecuharities and the difficulties of the colony. 
/. Why did not the colony prosper? 

g. When did the colony give up it-s charter? 

h. When were slaves introduced into Georgia? 
/. Relations with the Spanish colony of Florida. 

XXIX. King George's War. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 136. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 208-21. Ban- 
croft's U. S. II. 300, 305-9, 311. Hildreth's U. S. II. 376, 382, 394. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S. 78-90, 127. Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, I. 
chap. IV. ; map, 90. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 410-13. 

a. Cause. 

b. Capture of Louisburg. 

c. The Indians and the French in the war. 

d. Treaty of Aix la Chapelle. Was there anything in the terms 

of this treaty likely to lead to further trouble between the 
EngHsh and the French colonies in America ? 

Hildreth's U. S. II. 404. Bancroft's U. S. II. 311. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 
216. Hinsdale's Old Northwest, 57. 



40 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



XXX. a. Review of the French settlements. Compare the 
French and English colonies. ' 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 24. Johnston's U. S. 142-3. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 118, and references previously given. 

b. Further French settlements at Mobile and New Orleans. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hi=t. 134. Johnston's U. S. 141. 



b. Locate forts 



XXXI. The French and Indian War. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 255-7, 259. Hildreth's U. S. II. 433, 436-7, 439. 
Bancroft's U. S. II. 383-5, 371, 377, 379-81. Johnston's U. S. 144-5. John- 
ston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 27. Washington and His Country, 64 ^. 
Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 138. Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, 128, 135, 
145- 

a. Causes ; remote, immediate. 
The Ohio Company. 

Ticonderoga. 
Crown Point. 
Frontenac. 
Oswego. 
Niagara. 
Venango. 
Du Quesne. 
Presque Isle. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 256, map. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 137. Hins- 
dale's Old Northwest, 64. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 364, 374, map. Mac- 
Coun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. Fiske's War of Independence, 26-30. Parkman's 
Montcalm and Wolfe, I. front. 



Washington's visit to General St. Pierre. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 139. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 
492-3. Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, I. 128 +, 135, 145. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 259. Bancroft's U. S. II. 384-5. 
Washington and His Country, 64. Morris's Half Hours, I. 
304. Coffin's Old Times in Col. chap. XXI. Hildreth's U. S. 
II. 436-7, 439. 

Fort Necessity. 

Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 552, 563-7, 570, 577 ; map, 566. 



COLONlZATIOxV AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



41 



1754. 



The Albany Convention. 

References below. 

a. Why was the Congress called? How called? 

b. What colonies were represented? 

c. FrankHn's Plan of Union. 

Fiske's Civil Govt. 203. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 140. 
Fiske's \\'ar of Independence, 32, 34-5, 36. Higginson's 
U. S. 223-5. Hildreth's U. S. II. 442. Parkman's Mont- 
calm and Wolfe, I. 170, 172, 175. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 
261. Bancroft's U. S. II. 385-7. Johnston's U. S. 148. 
Franklin's Autobiography, 166-7. Benj. Franklin, Men of 
Letters Series, 162-3. Macy's Our Govt. 36-7. Andrew's 
Manual of Const. 27. (Teachers see Frothingham's Rise of 
the Republic.) 



1. What were its good points? 

2. What are the differences between it and the 
confederation of 1643? 

3. W^hy did the Plan " fail ? 

4. What were the difficulties in the way of the 
colonies forming a united government? 

a, Braddock's expedition against Fort du Quesne. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 262-70. Parkman's Montcalm and 
Wolfe, I. 196 4-. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 374,384, 
chap. XXII. Morris's Half Hours, I. 313. Bancroft's U. S. 
II. 419-33. Hildreth's U. S. II. 457-9. Winsor's Hist, of 
Amer. V. 494-500. Washington and His Country, 68-93. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 265, map. 

b. The battle of Lake George. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 288-9; map, 284. Bancroft's U. S. 
II. 435-7. Hildreth's U. S. II. 462+. Morris's Half Hours, 
I. 322. Washington and His Country, 97+. Coffin's Old 
^* ^755* ^ Times in Col. 411-12. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 502-5. 

Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, I. chap. IX. ; map, 285. 

. The removal of the Acadians. Was it necessary? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 270-81. Bancroft's U. S. II. 419-33. 
Hildreth's U. S. II. 456-7. Morris's Half Hours, I. 333. 



42 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 415-418. Parkman's Montcalm 
and Wolfe, I. chap. VIII. 

d. Shirley's march. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 282. Parkman's Montcalm and 
Wolfe, I. chap. IV.; maps. 91, 285. Winsor's Hist, of 
Amer. V. 501. 

Declaration of war by England. 

Johnston's U. S. 150. 

Fort William Henry taken by Montcalm. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 291-4. Hildreth's U. S. II. 474-5. 
Bancroft's U. S. II. 464-8. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 
512-19. Washington and His Country, 103-6. Coffin's Old 
Times in Col. 410-20. Morris's Half Hours, I. 344. 

Loudon's expedition against Louisburg. 

Bancroft's U. S. II. 454. Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, I. 
chap. XV. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 289-91. Washing- 
ton and His Country, 103-5. 

What was the plan for the year? 

Forbes's expedition against Fort Du Quesne. 

Johnston's U. S. 151-2. Br}'ant's Popular Hist. III. 300-1. 
Hildreth's U. S. II. 484-5. Bancroft's U. S. II. 493-7. Win- 
sor's Hist, of Amer. V. 529-33. W^ashington and His 
Country, no -f. Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, II. 
chap. XXII. 

Abercrombie's attack on Ticonderoga. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 297-302. Hildreth's U. S. II. 482. 
Bancroft's U. S. II. 488-90. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 
520-4. Coffin's Old Times in Col. 426-34. Washington and 
His Country, 108 -i-. 

Louisburg taken by Amherst and Wolfe. 

Washington and His Country, 107-8. Bryant's Popular Hist. 
III. 296-7. Hildreth's U. S. II. 481. Bancroft's U. S. II. 
485-6. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 418 ; map, 445. Park- 
man's Montcalm and Wolfe, II. chap. XIX. ; map, 53. 



COLONTZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



43 



' a. Fort Niagara taken by Prideaux. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 301. Hildreth's U. S. II. 487. Ban- 
croft's U. S. II. 501. Washington and His Country, 116. 
Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, II. 242-8. 



( Crown Point. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 302. Hildreth's U. S. II. 486. 
Bancroft's U. S. II. 502. Washington and His Country, 117 +. 
Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, II. 236-40. 

c, Wolfe's attack on Quebec. 

Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, II. 184, and chaps. XXV., 
XXVII.; map, 201. Coffin's Old Times in Col. chap. 
XXXVI. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. 540-59. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. III. 304-311. Hildreth's U. S. II. 488-91. 
Bancroft's U. S. II. 504-12. Morris's Half Hours, I. 256. 
Washington and His Country, 117-24. Cent. Magazine, 
XXIV. 840. 

General characteristics of the war. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 139-147. Cent. Magazine, XXVI. 
96. 

1. Weapons. 

2. French and Indians. 



The Peace of Paris. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 311. Hildreth's U. S. II. 502-3. Bancroft's U. S. 
II. 562. Johnston's U. S. 157. Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, II. 405. 
Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 144. 



(Student fill out so as to show from which nation territory acquired was 
received.) 




To England 



To Spain 



To France . 




44 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



j. What was the effect of the French and Indian War on the 
colonies ? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 144-5. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 31. 

k. Settlements following the French and Indian War. 

Johnston's U. S. 160. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 610-11. Hildreth's U. S. 
II. 574-5. Johnston's U.S. Hist. and Const. 47, 76. 

XXXII. General characteristics of the colonies. 
a. Governments. 



Winsor's Hist, of Amer. V. chaps. II., III. Bancroft's U. S. II. 389-94, 400. 
Morris's Half Hours, I. 495-506. Fiske's Civil Govt. 71-80, 140-156. 
Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 148. Johnston's U. S. 41-44. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 148-51. Fiske's War of Independence, 13-18. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 8-11. 

Local government. 

Macy's Our Govt. 18-19. 

b. Religious behefs. 



Charter in 




Proprietary in . 




Royal Provinces 




Quaker in 



Catholic ir» 



Puritan in 




COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



45 



Church of England 



Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 147. Higginson's U. S. i97-'200, 202-3. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 12. Palfrey's N. Eng. IV. 373, 375, 456, 473, 585, 591. 
Lodge's Colonies. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. chap. IX. Cent. Magazine, 
XXXIII. 901, XXXVI. 107. 

c. Schools and printing. 



Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 152. Higginson's U. S. 201. Bancroft's U. S. II. 
390-402. Johnston's U. S. 161, 190. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 16. 

d. Bond servants and slaves. 

Johnston's U. S. 191. Eggleston's Household U. S. 104-8. Doyle's Eng. Col. 

I. 359, 382; III. 391 +, and former references. Lodge's Colonies. 

Condition. 
Distribution. 

Was slavery increasing in any of the colonies ? 
Was it decreasing in any ? Why ? 

Population. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 146. Johnston's U. S. 133-6, 187. Bancroft's U. S. 

II. 390-1. Morris's Half Hours, I. 381 +. Higginson's U. S. 225-6. 
Fiske's War of Independence, 7-9, 11. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 
12-15. Lodge's Colonies. 

Distribution. 
Cities. 

Character of colonists in the different colonies. 
Nationalities in the different colonies. 



Public schools in 



Colleges founded before the 
Revolution 



Printing and newspapers 




46 



COLONIZATION AND 



COLONIAL 



HISTORY. 



Causes of immigration into the different colonies at different 
periods. 

( Industries and wealth. 



( Homes and home life. 

Doyle's Eng. Col. chap. XIII. Cent. Magazine, XXVII. 431 +, XXIX. 873 +, 
XXX. 387+. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. III. 448; V. 119, 149. Hildreth's 
U. S. II. 201, 329, 352. Bancroft's U. S. II. 239. Montgomery's Amer. 
Hist. 147, 149-51. Johnston's U. S. 134, 161, 189. Lodge's Colonies. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 331. Eggleston's Household U. S.91-8, 99-103, 
108-13, 151-2. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 17-8, 21. 

g-. Differences between the northern colonies and the southern. 

(To be made out from the student's general knowledge.) 

XXXIII. Trade difficulties between England and the colonies. 
a. The Navigation Acts. 

How had they been enforced ? 

See summary of the Navigation Acts, p. 49. 

Palfrey's N. Eng. IV. 179-82. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 323-5. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 151-2. Johnston's U. S. 71, 135, 163-4. 

^, Later difficulties about trade and manufacturing. 

What was England's policy towards colonial commerce and 
manufactures ? 

Hildreth's U. S. II. 329, 351, 356, 374, 430-1. Bancroft's U. S. II. 356, 368, 374. 
Washington and His Country, 130 +. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 195. Fiske's 
War of Independence, 41-4, 49-50. Palfrey's N. Eng. II. 444. 

c. Why did England wish to increase the taxes collected from the 

colonies after the French and Indian War? 

Johnston's U. S. 164, 166. Morris's Half Hours, I. 415. Montgomery's Amer. 
Hist. 155. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 33-38. 

d. The Stamp Act. 

How did the colonies resist it? 

Johnston's U. S. 167-8. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 156. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. III. 338. Hildreth's U. S. II. 524, 527-32, 535. Moore's From 
Colony to Commonwealth, 21-38. Bancroft's U. S. III. 104-5, I34~S. 
Morris's Half Hours, I. 407 +. Washington and His Country, 130-4. Fiske's 
War of Independence, 52-7. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 39-41. 
See page 51. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



47 



e. The Stamp Act Congress. 

Johnston's U. S. 169-71. Bryant's Popular Hist. IIL 341-2. Hildreth's U. S. U. 
529. Bancroft's U. S. IIL 149-50, 154-5, ^59. 208. Fiske's War of Indepen- 
dence, 55-6. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 42. Andrew's Manual of 
Const. 28-9. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 157-8. 

How called ? 
Place of meeting. 
Colonies represented. 
Acts. Fill out. 

/. The Commercial Taxes. 

Johnston's U. S. 172. Hildreth's U. S. II. 539, 541, 544. Bancroft's U. S. III. 
107-8, 251, 256. Washington and His Country, 134 +. Fiske's War of 
Independence, 62, 65-7. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 43. See p. 52. 

How were these taxes collected ? 

1. Writs of assistance. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. HI. 332. Hildreth's U. S. II. 499. Bancroft's U. S. II. 
546-7. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 34-5. Fiske's War of Indepen- 
dence, 44-7, 74. 

2. Mutiny Act. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 351. Hildreth's U. S. 11. 525. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 45-6. 

3. Colonial methods of resistance. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 34. Johnston's U. S. 173. Hildreth's U. S. 

II. 532. 551, 558-9. 

g. The Tea Tax. 

1 . Why was it levied ? 

2. What became of the tea? 

Johnston's U. S. 177. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 159. Bryant's Popular Hist. 

III. 366, 370-4. Hildreth's U. S. 11. 556; IIL 25-31. Bancroft's U. S. HI. 
381-2, 443-57. Morris's Half Hours, I. 431. Washington and His Country, 
136. Fiske's War of Independence, 76, 80-82. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 48. Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 54-66. See p. 52. 

Note. — The Colonies were not entirely without tea long. A large amount 
was obtained from the Dutch, and, of course, smuggled into the country. 

The reason for the repeal of the Stamp Act, and, later, of the Commercial 
Taxes, is obvious. 



48 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



The income from the sale of stamps was about ;^i5oo, chiefly in Canada and 
the West Indies ; the expenses connected with the sale of the stamps was above 
^12,000. 

The net proceeds from the Commercial Taxes the first year was only about 
^295 net, while military expenses in America for the same time were increased 
^^170,000. 

The last year before the repeal of the Tea Tax the income from the duties on 
teas, wines, etc., in the colonies amounted to only about ^85, while the expenses 
connected with the system of collecting duties amounted to ^^loo.ooo or more, and 
the East India Company lost the sale of ;^2,5oo,ooo value annually. 

Bancroft's U. S. III. 423. 

h. The Quartering Acts. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 355, 357. Hildreth's U. S. II. 547, 550; III. 33. 
Bancroft's U. S. III. 309, 312-13, 370-5, 378,481. Fiske's War of Inde- 
pendence, 72-3. 

What were the people of the towns where soldiers were 
quartered expected to furnish the soldiers? 

/. The Boston massacre. 

Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 44, 54. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 
359. Hildreth's U. S. II. 554. Bancroft's U. S. III. 370-8. Fiske's War of 
Independence, 74. Johnston's U. S. 174. 

j. Hancock's brig Liberty. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IIL 357. Hildreth's U. S. II. 544. Johnston's U. S. 174. 

k. The burning of the Gaspee. 

Johnston's U. S. 174. Morris's Half Hours, I. 433 -f . Hildreth's U. S. II. 561. 
Bancroft's U. S. III. 414. 

/. How did England avenge the Boston Tea Party? 

1. The Boston Port Bill. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 374. Johnston's U. S. 178. Hildreth's U. S. III. 
32-3. Bancroft's U. S. III. 471. Morris's Half Hours, I. 431-2. Fiske's 
War of Independence, 83. 

2. The Massachusetts Government Act. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 375. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 160. Hildreth's 
U. S. III. 33. Bancroft's U. S. HI. 477. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 
49-50. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



49 



3. The Transportation Act. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 375. Hildreth's U. S. III. 33. Bancroft's U. S. 
III. 480. 

4. The Quebec Bill. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 375. Hildreth's U. S. III. 33. Bancroft's U. S. 
III. 481. 

5. Renewal of the Quartering Acts. 

651 and 1660. The Navigation Act was adopted by Parliament 
in 1 65 1 to injure the commerce of the Dutch, who were 
rivals of the English in the carrying trade. Parhament, 
during the Commonwealth, favored, as far as possible, the 
New England colonies ; and, by tacit understanding, the 
Navigation Act was not enforced in their ports between 
1651 and 1660. At the time of the Restoration the Naviga- 
tion Act was re-enacted, and the income derived from its 
enforcement was given to the king. From that time con- 
tinuous efforts were made to enforce it in the colonies, and 
smuggling increased in proportion. 

651, 1660, 1663. The Navigation Act forbade export to any 
port, except of England, of the Enumerated Articles," and 
forbade imports except in English ships manned by EngUsh 
sailors. Other exports than of the Enumerated Articles " 
could be shipped to ports south of Cape Finisterre, but mer- 
chants were obliged to sail in bond to twice the value of the 
ship and cargo, and by this device were compelled to return 
by way of England, and there pay the export tax on their 
return cargo. 

651, 1660, 1663. Enumerated Articles : 
Sugar. 
Tobacco. 
Ginger. 
Indigo. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL 



HLSTORY. 



Cotton. 
Fustic. 

Dyeing woods. 

1 704. Were added : 

Rice from Carolina and Georgia. 

(Set free in 1730.) 

1 721. Copper ore. 
Furs. 

1 75 1. On the list were : 
Pitch. 
Tar. 

Turpentine. 

Masts. 

Spars. 

1764. Were added : 
Iron. 
Lumber. 

1672. An act was passed requiring duty to be paid on the tran- 
sit of " Enumerated Articles " from one colony to another. 

1699. Another act forbade the transportation of domestic woolen 
from one colony to another, except woolen hats, and also 
forbade the export of colonial wools or cloths to any foreign 
country. 

Note. — Colonial trade and shipping increased constantly notwithstanding 
these acts. Bancroft estimates the value of colonial imports from England in 1715 
as ;^2,ooo,ooo; at the same time the trade with the West Indies, the Azores, and 
continental Europe, most of it illegitimate, was far greater. 

1 719. An act was passed forbidding the manufacture in the 
colonies of iron wares, from pigs, sows, or bars. Only 
strenuous opposition on the part of the colonists defeated 
clause forbidding the manufacture of bolts or nails. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



51 



1733. The Molasses Act imposed a duty on imports from the 
French or Dutch West India Islands. 



These duties were almost entirely evaded. 

1750. An act forbade the running of slitting and rolUng mills 
for the manufacture of iron in the colonies. 

1764. The Sugar Act reduced the duties imposed by the 
Molasses Act, but levied a duty on — 
Coffee, 
Pimento, 

French and East India goods. 



Note. — At the same time particular orders were sent to the executive officers 
in the colonies for the enforcement of the Navigation Acts, and the powers of the 
admiralty courts, which had jurisdiction over all cases arising under the Navigation 
Acts, were extended. 

1765. The ministry were authorized to send as many troops to 

America as they saw fit, and the 
Quartering Act was adopted. By it the colonies where 

troops were stationed were required to furnish 
Quarters 
Firewood 



I cent per lb. on sugar. 
The duty was ^12 cents per gal. on molasses. 

I 18 cents per gal. on rum. 




Bedding 
Drink 
Soap 
Candles 



> for the troops. 



1765. The Stamp Act. By it must be stamped — 
Newspapers. 



52 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORV. 



Almanacs. 
Marriage licenses. 

[ Bonds. 
Bills. 
Leases. 
Law papers ^ Notes. 

Ships' papers. 
Insurance policies. 
. Legal documents. 

(Not valid in courts unless stamped.) 

1766. Repealed. 

1767. The Commercial Taxes were duties levied on — 
Red and white lead. 

Paints. 
Paper. 

Glass of British manufacture. 
Tea. 



Note. — The withdrawal of the whole duty on import into England was 
granted to the merchants of the East India Company for all tea exported to the 
colonies, so that the colonies paid three pence duty, while duty on tea used in Eng- 
land was one shilling. 

1770. Repeal of the Commercial Taxes, except the tax on tea. 

1772. The Transportation Act. An act for the transportation 
for trial of all persons in the colonies concerned in destroy- 
ing royal ships, dockyards, or mihtary stores. 
At the same time ;£6oo reward was offered for the discovery of 
the destroyers of the Gaspee, and a free pardon to any 
accomplice confessing and aiding in the discovery. 

1774. The Boston Port Bill. 

1. Removed the government of Massachusetts to Salem. 

2. Constituted Marblehead the port of entry for Massachusetts. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



53 



3. Made the condition of repeal that the colony should 
indemnify property owners, especially the East India 
Company, for their losses. 

1774. The Massachusetts Government Bill declared that 

1 . Elections held under the charter should be void. 

2. The Council should be appointed by the crown. 

3. The Governor and Council should appoint and remove — 

All judges of inferior courts. 
Justices of the peace. 

Minor officers and sheriffs, who should select all juries. 

4. Town meetings were forbidden except to elect officers or 

by special permission of the Governor. 

1774. The Quebec Act. 

1. Restored French law in the Province of Quebec. 

2. Guaranteed its property and full freedom of worship to the 
^ Catholic Church. 

3. Extended the boundaries of the province to the Mississippi 

on the west and to the Ohio River on the south. 

4. Confirmed to the clergy the dues and rights, including 

tithes, which had been granted to them by the French 
king. 

5. Granted legislative authority, except in matters of taxation, • 

to a council nominated by the crown. 

Note. — Nothing more has been attempted than to give such a summary of 
the more important acts about trade and navigation as would be useful for the stu- » 
dents for whom this book is designed. The authorities followed have been Ban- 
croft, Hildreth, Winsor, Frothingham, Marshall, Palfrey, etc. A more extended 
discussion can be found in Weedon's " Social and Economic History of New 
England." 



XXXIV. The parties and their names. 

Johnston's U. S. 173. 



54 COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HlSTOKV. 



XXXV. What preparation and resources had the colonies for 
sustaining a war? 

(Student make out for himself from knowledge already obtained.) 

What disadvantages? 

What advantages had England ? 

What efforts did the colonists make to prevent war? 

Previous references. 

XXXVI. The First Continental Congress. 

Hildreth's U. S. IIL 42-3. Fiske's War of Independence, 84-5. Johnston's 
U. S. 180. Bancroft's U. S. III. 61-2, 74-5. Morris's Half Hours, I. 481. 
Washington and His Country, 141 +. Andrews' Manual of Const. 30. John- 
ston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 50-1. 

a. Place of meeting. 

b. How called? 

c. Colonies represented. 

d. Acts. Fill out. 

Notice the men who were prominent. , 

XXXVII. Lexington. 

Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 91-114. Johnston's U. S. 183 5. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 384-92. Hildreth's U. S. III. 67-8. Morris's 
Half Hours, I. 444. Washington and His Country, 148 +. Higginson's 
U. S. 242-50. Fiske's War of Independence, 86. Lossing's Field-Book of 
Rev. I. 522. Coffin's Boys of '76, chaps. I., II.; map, 38. 

Notice the leaders and the peculiarities of the fight. 

XXXVIII. The capture of Ticonderoga. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 433-6. Hildreth's U. S. III. 74. Washington and 
His Country, 152. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. 1. 124-5 > Jti^P. "S- Fiske's 
War of Independence, 87. 

Ethan Allen. 
Benedict Arnold. 
Supplies obtained. 

Why was Ticonderoga an important point to the British? 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



ss 



XXXIX. Bunker Hill. 

Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 1 15-31. Johnston's U. S. 197. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 396-405; map, 399. Hildreth's U. S. III. 80-2. 
Washington and His Country, 157 ; map, 159. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. 
I. 540-8; map, 543. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. III.; map, 48. Fiske's War 
of Independence, 90-2= Map of Boston. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 
566. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 426. Bancroft's U. S. IV. 213-21. 

a. Draw a map of Boston and environs. 

b. Who was in command of the British in Boston ? 

c. Who were the leaders of the colonial militia around Boston? 

Under what authority did they act? 

d. Compare the equipment, training, and resources of the two 

armies. 

e. The fight. 

/. The result and the importance of this fight. 
XL. What was England's answer to Bunker Hill? 

Johnston's U. S. 203-4. Bryant's Popular Hist. HI. 396-7. Hildreth's U. S. 
IV. 111-12. Bancroft's U. S. IV. 260-1 ; 347-8 ; 350-1. 

a. Troops sent over. 

b. The closing of all colonial ports. 

c. Colonial commerce declared to be the lawful prey of privateers. 
XLI. The Second Continental Congress. 

Johnston's U. S. 194. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 60. Andrews' Manual 
of Const. 31-2. Hildreth's U. S. III. 76, 80. Bancroft's U. S. IV. 190-2, 
200, 204-12. Fiske's Civil Govt. 204 +. 

Place of meeting. 
How called ? 
Colonies represented. 

' Assumed the armies of the different colonies. 
Appointed a commander-in-chief. 

Recommended to the colonies to form state govern- 

Acts \ 

^ ments independent of Great Britain. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 55-7. 

. Began the formation of a navy. 



56 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



XLII. George Washington. 

Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 1-38. Washington and His Country, 55 + ; 
154 +. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 259, 264, 300, 407-9. Moore's From 
Colony to Commonwealth, 132-44. Hildreth's U. S. III. 80, 85. Ban- 
croft's U. S. IV. 205-11, 239, 241. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 552, 563-7, 
570. 577" Fiske's War of Independence, iio-ii. 

a. Early life and education. 

b. Connection with public affairs previous to the Revolution. 
Election as commander-in-chief. Character and fitness. 

Washington and His Country, 154. Bancroft's U. S. IV. 205-11. Hildreth's 
U. S. III. 80. 

d. Assuming command. 

Higginson's U. S. 257-60. Fiske's War of Independence, 88-90. 

e. Condition of the army. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 191-3. Hildreth's U. S. III. 85, 99, 107-8. 

/. Difficulties in his way. 

Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 541, 570, 577. 

g. Flag adopted. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 420-1. Eggleston's Household U. S. 166, 169, 171, 
178. Johnston's U. S. 198. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 541, 570, 577. 
Amer. Ency. 

XLIII. Why had the colonists no manufactures of importance at 
the beginning of the war? 

Note. — A memorandum giving some of the methods by which supplies were 
obtained by the colonists will be found in the appendix. It will give some idea of 
how large a proportion of the supplies which the colonists secured during the early 
years of the war were obtained by capture from their enemies. 

XLIV. First expeditions sent out. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 438, 448. Hildreth's U. S. III. 103-4. Lossing's 
Field-Book of Rev. I. 190-3, 196-8; map, 193. Washington and His Coun- 
try, 173 +. Coffin's Boys of '76. chap. V. Fiske's War of Independence, 93-4 ; 
map, 92. 

a. Arnold's route. 

b. Montgomery's location. 

c. Capture of Montreal and the attack on Quebec. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



57 



XLV. The evacuation of Boston. 

Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 145-54. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 
422-8; map, 427. Hildreth's U. S. III. 107, 113, 121. Bancroft's U. S. IV. 
325, 330. Morris's Half Hours, I. 427. Washington and His Country, 198 +, 
204+ ; map, 158. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 579-83 ; map, 566. Fiske's 
War of Independence, 94+. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. IV. 

a. Map as above. 

b. Locate Washington's position and fortifications. 

c. Why were the British forced to evacuate? 

d. Where did the British army go after the evacuation? 

e. Where did the American army go? Why? 

XLVI. The Declaration of Independence. 

a. What were the colonists fighting for during the first year of 

the war? 

b. What was the purpose of the Declaration ? 
Why was it necessary ? 

c. The adoption of the Declaration. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. chap. III. and 255-74. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 
470, 481, 486-8. Johnston's U. S. 205-7. Andrews' Manual of Const. 
32-4. Higginson's U. S. 265-8. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 62-4, 
65-6. Morris's Half Hours, I. 491-4. Washington and His Country, 205. 
Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 66, 69, 78-83. Fiske's War of Indepen- 
dence, 97-103. Hildreth's U. S. III. 130-1, 133, 136, 141. 

By whom was it written ? 

How was it adopted ? 

How was it received in the colonies ? 

How was it received in Europe ? 

d. The Declaration. 

1. Read the Declaration through. 

2. Learn the first fifteen lines (Johnston's U. S. Hist.) exactly. 

3. What was the charge against the king? 

(To be answered from the Declaration itself.) 

Give at least ten points in support of this charge, and be able 
to give, if you can, a definite instance in proof of each point. 



58 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



4. What means of redress had the colonists taken? 

5. Were the colonists justified in declaring their indepen- 

dence ? 
On what grounds ? 

6. Learn the last thirteen lines exactly. 

7. What are the objects of good government? 

(To be answered from the Declaration itself.) 

How may these objects be secured? 
What is the true basis of government ? 

The exercise of what powers is essential to a separate and 
equal position among the powers of the earth ? 

XLVII. Draw a map of New York and the surrounding country, 
locating the position of troops, forts, etc., in the summer of 
1776. 

Washington and His Country, 226-7. Johnston's U. S. 208. 

Where had the army, on each side, been since the evacuation 
of Boston ? 

XLVIII. The battle of Long Island. (With map.) 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 326-30, 338-45. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 490- 
519; map, 491. Johnston's U. S. 210. Morris's Half Hours. II. 19. Los- 
sing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 598, 607, 613, 615; maps, 600, 603, 618. Hil- 
dreth's U. S. III. 140, 142, 148-55. Fiske's War of Independence, 108, 
1 12-14. Washington and His Country, 208 ; map, 209. 

XLIX. Washington's retreat from New York to the Delaware, 
with a map showing all important points, and the movements 
of both armies. 

Johnston's U. S. 211. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 521. Hildreth's U. S. III. 
154-6. Fiske's War of Independence, 1 15-18. Lossing's Field-Book of 
Rev. II. 417. Washington and His Country, 246-54; map, 247. Coffin's 
Boys of '76, chap. IX. ; map, 117. 

L. The hired soldiers in the British army. 



COLOXIZATIOX AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



59 



Note. — The merchants of England and Ireland, and also the greater part of 
the inhabitants of the great trading cities of the kingdom, were opposed to a war 
which was likely to interfere seriously with the profits of colonial commerce ; con- 
sequently, the king's officers found recruiting for the war in America very slow 
business, and it became necessary for the king to increase his army in some other 
way or give up all hope of subduing his rebellious colonial subjects. 

The king of England was also the Elector of Hanover, and the first thing which 
he did was to send the German regiments which he commanded as Elector to gar- 
rison Gibraltar and Port Mahon, on the Mediterranean. 

This released an equivalent number of British soldiers for service in America. 

The king next proposed to Empress Catharine II. of Russia that she should let 
out to him a part of her army. She had just concluded peace witht he Porte and no 
longer had use for her whole army, but several things about the proposition, as the 
king had made it, displeased her extremely, and she rejected it with scant courtesy. 

The king next applied to Holland for the use of a certain brigade, officered 
chiefly by Scotchmen, on which he seems to have thought that he had some sort 
of claim. After long delay Holland refused to permit him to take the troops out of 
Europe, which was as bad as an absolute refusal. 

Finally, he sent an agent to the smaller German states, among whose rulers he 
had many relatives. Here he was successful, and obtained, at different times, 
between 20,000 and 30,000 men. 

The bargain which the king was obliged to make with the Duke of Brunswick 
will serve as an example of the terms on which he got his troops. First, he prom- 
ised to pay all the soldiers just as he paid his own army ; he was to take care of all 
sick and wounded; he was to pay for every man killed, or in any way lost, at an 
agreed-upon rate; he was to pay to the duke a large sum, yearly, as rent for the 
use of the army, and was to continue to pay this sum for two years after the return 
of the troops. 

These bargains proved very expensive to England, for many of these German 
soldiers were so much pleased with America, especially with Pennsylvania, where 
there were already a great many Germans, that they deserted to the number of 5000. 
The colonists encouraged desertion as much as possible by offers of land, etc. 

In all, England had to pay for 12,554 missing men. Her hired soldiers cost 
England, in all, ^1,770,000, besides pay and maintenance. 

Among the soldiers supplied by Hesse^-Cassel was one regiment not yet fit for 
service, in discipline. Hesse-Cassel had not regiments enough to furnish as many 
men as she had promised without putting in this regiment. It was Rail's regiment, 
which afterwards failed the British at Trenton. 

LI. The winter of 1776-77. 
a, Trenton. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 374-^, 408-12. Johnston's U. S. 213. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. III. 525-30. Hildreth's U. S. III. 166. Morris's Half Hours, 
II. 27. Washington and His Countr}-, 255-65. Lossing's Field-Book of 
Rev. II. 19-26; map, 21. Coffin's Boys oi 7c, caa^. XX.; map, 135. 



6o 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



b, Princeton. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 377-81, 408-13. Johnston's U. S. 213. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. III. 532-6. Hildreth's U. S. III. 106-8. Washington and 
His Country, 266-73. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 27, 32; map, 28. 
Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XII. ; map, 146. 

c. Winter quarters. 

Johnston's U. S. 214-5. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 536. Hildreth's U. S. 
III. 170-2. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 306-9. Fiske's War of Inde- 
pendence, 124-5. 

LII. What foreigners joined the American army? 

Hildreth's U. S. III. 146, 193-4. Johnston's U. S. 215. Fiske's War of Inde- 
pendence, 123, 150, 164, 173, 177. 

Topic : The Marquis de La Fayette. 

Johnston's U. S. 215. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 553, 555. Washington and 
his Country, 285-6. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 1 17-21. Fiske's War 
of Independence, 123, 127. Hildreth's U. S. HI. 193, 248. 

LIII. The British plan of campaign for the summer of 1777. 

Johnston's U. S. 216. Fiske's War of Independence, 125. 

LIV. Map of New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania, showing 
Howe's movements and route to Philadelphia. 

Washington and His Country, 300. Fiske's War of Independence, 121. 

Where was Washington ? 

Fiske's War of Independence, 138-41. 

Whom did Howe leave in command in New York ? 
LV. Brandywine. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 381 +, 418-23. Fiske's War of Independence, 
141-2. Bryant's Popular Hisf. III. 553, 557-9. , Johnston's U. S. 217. 
Washington and His Country, maps, 300, 326. Hildreth's U. S. III. 216-18. 
Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 85-6. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XVI. ; 
map, 200. 

LVI. Germ an town. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 421-42. Johnston's U. S. 217. Montgomery's 
Amer. Hist. no. Hildreth's U. S. III. 221-3. Morris's Half Hours, II. 39. 
Fiske's War of Independence, 142. Washington and His Country, 325-31. 
Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 108-12. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XVIII. ; 
map, 220. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



6i 



LVII. What became of Congress when Howe took possession of 
Philadelphia ? 

Fiske's War of Independence, 141. Hildreth's U. S. III. 221, 226. 

LVIII. Burgoyne's expedition. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 156, 295-361. Johnston's U. S. 219-23. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. III. 567-92. Hildreth's U. S. III. 196-214. Morris's Half 
Hours, II. 48, 61 +. Washington and His Country, 281-97, 314-24; map, 
281. Coffin's Boys of '76, chaps. XIII. to XV., XVII., XX. ; maps, 242, 234. 
Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 46, 57, 79, 80, 91. Fiske's War of Indepen- 
dence, 125-38, 143 + ; map, 131. 

a. Object. 

b. Plan. 

c. Map showing movements of both armies. 

d. Expeditions sent out from the main army. 

1 . To Vermont. 

2. Up the St. Lawrence, via Lake Ontario, to the Mohawk 

Valley. 

e. The movements of the main army. 

/. The American generals opposed, and the position of the Con- 
tinental army. 

References above. 

g. The battles near Saratoga. 

1. Bemis Heights. 

2. Stillwater. 

h. The surrender. Why necessary? 

1. Terms of surrender. 

2. What was done with Burgoyne's army? 

Make a full summary of the reasons why Burgoyne failed. 

Note. — Howe's failure to co-operate efficiently with Burgoyne is partly 
explained by a mistake made in the office of the secretary for the colonies, in 
England. 

Lord George Germain left the orders for Howe to be copied, when he went 



62 COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



away on a visit; on his return he forgot to sign them. They lay some time in a 
pigeon-hole and did not reach Howe until Aug. i6. 

Many very interesting particulars in regard to Burgoyne's incapacity and mis- 
management will be found in Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, 
Vol. VI. pp. 295-314. Also, an account of the skilful manner in which Schuyler 
hemmed in and hindered his antagonist, and of the extent to which credit is to be 
given to him for Burgoyne's surrender rather than to his incapable and selfish 
successor. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 295, note i. 

LIX. The government of the colonies during the war. 

a. Under what government were the colonies after the Declara- 

tion of Independence ? 

Johnston's U. S. 179-80, 194, 205-6, 212, 218, 234-5. 

b. Review : The First Continental Congress. 
The Second Continental Congress. 

c. What had Congress to do? 
What authority had Congress ? 

d. What were the Articles of Confederation? 

Johnston's U. S. 270-1, 276. Andrews' Manual of Const. 35-8. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 79-80. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 19-20. 

When were they adopted? 

Give the principal points of the Articles. 

Compare this plan of government with that proposed by 
Franklin. 

What were the weak points in the working of this plan ? Why ? 

The following brief summary has been found by experience to be 
so useful in securing a definite and permanent idea of the 
articles on the part of immature students that it is given in 
addition to the Articles themselves, which will be found 
in the appendix. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



63 



Points to be remembered from the Articles of Confederation. 



To be only one House. 

Delegates to be appointed annually, by the states. 
Number of delegates to be not more than seven, 
nor less than two, per state. 
Congress. { States to pay their own delegates and to recall 
them at pleasure. 
Delegates in Congress voted by states. 
The vote of nine states was required to pass a 
measure. 

^ To make war, conclude peace, contract alliances. 
To decide disputes between states, on appeal. 
To regulate money, postal matters, etc. 
To levy or apportion taxes on the states. 
No power to collect taxes or to raise money. 
No power to enforce its own measures. 

There was no national judiciary and no executive. 



Powers 
of 

Congress. 



LX. The winter of 1777-8. 

Johnston's U. S. 218, 229. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 565, 593-5. Hildreth's 
U. S. III. 230-1. Morris's Half Hours, II. 73. Washington and His Coun- 
try, 331 +, 338. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 125, 130; map, 128. 
Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XXII. 

a. Where were the armies on each side ? 

^. The condition of the American army at Valley Forge. 

LXI. The Conway cabal. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 392, 446-7. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 596. 

Hildreth's U. S. III. 232-6. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 130-4. 

Washington and His Country, 338-9. Fiske's War of Independence, 
148-9. 



How was it frustrated ? 



LXII. The French treaties. 



64 COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 

a. How were the colonies treated by foreign countries during the 

war? 
Johnston's U. S. 225-6. 

b. Early life of Franklin and his connection with public affairs. 

Johnston's U. S. 226. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 137-8, 190, 261, 264, 347. 
Morris's Half Hours, II. 84 +. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 86-7. 

c. Franklin's appointment as minister to France. 

Franklin's Auto. Fiske's War of Independence, 34, 54, 89, 113, 123, 182. Hil- 
dreth's U. S. II. 305, 403, 412-13, 420, 460, 467, 474, 494; III. 178-9. 

d. The treaties : Terms. 

Hildreth's U. S. II. 246. Johnston's U. S. 225, 227-8. Bryant's Popular Hist. 
III. 598. Morris's Half Hours, II. 87-8. Washington and His Country, 
339-40. 

1. How were they obtained? 

2. Why had France waited so long? 

3. Immediate results. 

e. England's answer to the treaties. 

1. Declaration of war against France. 
Johnston's U. S. 228, 237. 

2. Evacuation of Philadelphia. Why necessary? 

Johnston's U. S. 229. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 601. Hildreth's U. S. III. 
238, 247-9. Washington and His Country, 341-3. Lossing's Field-Book 
of Rev. II. 146-7. Fiske's War of Independence, 150-1. 

Note. — Under the evacuation of Philadelphia notice the losses of the British 
army by desertion, which resulted from an agreeable winter in the American 
city and the inducements offered by the colonists. 

LXIII. Summary of events following Burgoyne's surrender. 
a. The French treaties. 

England's declaration of war against France. 

c. The evacuation of Philadelphia. 

d. The Conway cabal. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 65 



e. Change of the commander-in-chief of the British army in 
America. 

LXIV. Monmouth Court House. 

Johnston's U. S. 229. Bryant's Popular Hist. IH. 602; map, 602. Hildreth's 
U. S. III. 249-51. Lossing's Field-Bookof Rev. H. 148-58. Washington and 
His Country, 341-2. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XXIV. 

Notice Lee's conduct, and connect it with his previous history. 
Give the position of each army after this battle. 

LXV. Stony Point. 

Johnston's U. S. 238. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 615-16. Hildreth's U. S. III. 
281-3. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 743, 746-50; map, 743. Washington 
and His Country, 361,364-7. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XXHI.; map, 267. 
Fiske's War of Independence, 156-7, 163. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 
455-6. 457-8. 

Why did Washington order the storming of Stony Point ? 
Did he accompHsh his object? 
Why did he not keep the position? 

LXVI. Privateering. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. chap. VII. Johnston's U. S. 198, 241-3. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. III. 418, 623. Hildreth's U. S. HI. 176, 272, 332. Lossing's 
Field-Book of Rev. I. 328-9, 569, 610, 641 ; H. 638. Fiske's War of Inde- 
pendence, 159-60. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev, H. 637-45. 

Paul Jones's exploits. 

Note. — The best account of naval exploits in the Revolution easily accessible 
is in Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. chap. VII. 

LXVII. Gates in the South ; with map. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 34-9. Hildreth's U. S. III. 313-16. Morris's Half 
Hours, II. 117. Washington and His Country, 390-9,421-30. Coffin's Boys of 
'76, chaps. XXVI., XXVn. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 463-9. Fiske's 
War of Independence, 156-7. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 476-80; map, 
537. 

a. Why was Gates sent south? 

b. Camden. 

c. What became of the armies? 



66 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



LXVIII. What commander was sent over with the French troops? 

Where did the French troops land? 
Why did they accompHsh nothing? 
What French fleets were sent? 
What did they accomphsh? 

LXIX. Arnold's treason. 

a. Previous history of Arnold. 

Johnston's U. S. 239. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 16-29. Hildreth's U. S. III. 
318-23. Morris's Half Hours, II. 106. Washington and His Country, 370, 
399-421. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XXVII. Fiske's War of Independence, 
167-71. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 129-30, 162, 213, 292, 298, 300, 304-5, 
306, 308, 346, 402, 447-8, 449. 450-1, 453-63. 467. 

1 . At Ticonderoga. 

2. Expedition against Quebec. 

3. On Lake Champlain. 

4. With Gates's army. 

5. In Philadelphia after its evacuation by Howe. 

6. Censure by Washington. 

b. How did Arnold get command at West Point ? 

c. What do you think was Arnold's real motive for turning traitor? 

d. Arnold's plan. Where was Washington? The execution of 

the plan. Andre. 

e. The discovery of Arnold's treason. Results. 
/. What was Arnold paid for his treason? 

g. What kind of a Hfe had Arnold after he joined the British? 

LXX. Paper money (Continental currency). 

Johnston's U. S. 234-5. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 317-19. Fiske's 
War of Independence, 162, 166. Hildreth's U. S. III. 295, 301, 310, 318, 
338. 358, 361. 

How issued? 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 6/ 
What was it worth ? 

(Show its value by the prices of common articles.) 
Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 317-20, 352; II. 557, 630. 

Why was it worth so little ? 

LXXI. Winter quarters, 1 780-1. 

a. Location and condition of the army. 

d. The revolt of the troops. 

Johnston's U. S. 240. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 50-2. Hildreth's U. S. III. 
337. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. I. 309-13. 

What were their grounds of complaint? 

How were they satisfied? 

How was the revolt finally subdued ? 

LXXn. What did the British gain in the South in 1779-80? 

Fiske's War of Independence, 163-5. Johnston's U. S. 237, 245-6. 

LXXni. Greene's campaign. 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 480-93, 508-13. Washington and His Country, 
440 +. Johnston's U. S. 430-56, 458. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 40-8. 
Hildreth's U. S. III. 325-9, 342-9, 351. 

a. Draw a map of North CaroHna, South Carolina, Georgia, locat- 
ing carefully all important rivers. 

^. Plundering raids and expeditions. 
King's Mountain, etc. 

Fiske's War of Independence, 173-7. Washington and His Country, 430-4, 
434-41, 441-57. Johnston's U. S. 204, 246, 247-52, 255. 

What effect had they upon the strength of Cornwallis's army ? 

Fiske's War of Independence, 171-2. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 435-6. 
Washington and His Country, 421-430. 

c, Cowpens. 

References above. 

d. Greene's retreat to the Dan River. 

Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XXIX. and above. 



68 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



e, Guilford Court House. 

Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XXX. and above. 

Where did Cornwallis go after this battle ? 
Where did Greene go? 
/. Hobkirk's Hill and Eutaw Springs. 

Johnston's U. S. 255. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 57-8 and above. Coffin's 
Boys of '76, chap. XXX L Hildreth's U. S. HI. 364-6. Washington and His 
Country, 458-62. 

LXXIV. Why did England keep so weak an army in America ? 

Fiske's War of Independence, 158. 

Note. — Show how the English forces were divided by the siege of Gibraltar 
(by Spanish and French forces), by a Spanish attack on Pensacola, Fla., by French 
attacks on her possessions in Africa and in India; and by both Spanish and 
French attacks on the English West Indies and on her commerce. 

LXXV. What was the British plan for the year 1781 ? 

Johnston's U. S. 256-7. 

What was the American plan ? 
Where was Arnold sent? Why? 

Johnston's U. S. 253. Fiske's War of Independence, 177-8. 

Where was La Fayette sent ? Why ? 

LXXVI. The routes and movements by which armies were con- 
centrated on the Yorktown peninsula. 

Johnston's U. S. 256-62. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 71-4. Hildreth's U. S. 
III. 354-5, 357, 366-71. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 306, 311-20. 
Morris's Half Hours, II. 127. Coffin's Boys of '76, chap. XXXIII.; maps, 
385, 387. Fiske's War of Independence, 175, 177-80. Winsor's Hist, of 
Amer. VI. 494-506, 549-53- 

a. Movements by which Cornwallis was driven into the position 

on the peninsula. 
Why did he choose to make a stand there ? 

b. The union of the French troops with Washington's army. 

c. Washington's manner of outwitting Clinton. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 69 



d. Map of the Yorktown peninsula showing the position of armies 

and fleets. 

Washington and His Country; map, 459. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II.; 
map, 312. Coffin's Boys of '76; maps, 385, 387. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 

VI. 548-53. 

e. What advantages were on the American side? 
/". The surrender of CornwaUis. 

References above; 

Results. 

LXXVII. Topic for an outline and summary: French aid in the 
war of the Revolution. 

Review Lessons, 

LXXVIII. Cause of the Revolution. 

The opening of the war. 

LXXIX. Campaigns. 

a. The struggle in New Jersey. 

b. The struggle for the Hudson. 

c. Gates and Greene in the South. 

d. The final campaign against Cornwallis. 

(Each to be given by movements, with map.) 

LXXX. Foreign relations. 

a. Foreigners in the army. 

b. French treaties and aid. 

c. Commerce, Privateering. 

American relations with the W est India Islands. 

d. The American navy. 

LXXXI. Internal affairs. 
a. Congresses. 



70 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



b. The Declaration of Independence. 

c. State governments. 

d. The Articles of Confederation. 
<?. Difficulties. 

(Treat each point as a topic to be explained and illustrated.) 

1. Lack of union among the colonies. 

2. Lack of supplies. 

3. The difficulty of raising troops, and the condition of the 

army. 

4. Financial difficulties, — paper money, etc. 

5. The Conway cabal. 

6. Revolts. 

7. Traitors and treason. 

LXXXIL Persons in the Revolution. 

The student should discuss the character and the value of the 
services of the leading men on each side, especially on the 
American. 

Which men acted most truly from patriotic motives ? 

LXXXIIL General topics for discussion in class, or for short 
written papers. 

a. Reasons why the British failed to conquer the American 

colonies. 

b. Causes of the success of the colonists in securing independence. 

c. Which was the most important single event of the war in its 

results ? 

d. How were the colonists supplied with the necessaries of life 

during the war, especially with manufactured goods ? 

Johnston's U. S. 289-92. Morris's Half Hours, II. 136 +. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 190-3. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. 1. 470, note ; 492, 586, note ; 
II. 376, note, 451, note. 



COLONIZATION AND COLONIAL HISTORY. 



71 



e. How did Washington obtain his mihtary suppHes ? 
/. What proportion of the male population of the colonies was in 
the army ? 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 535-6. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 36. 

g. Prisoners in the war. 

Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 660. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 123, 145, 
225, 568, 575. 

h. What became of the Loyalists at the close of the war? 

Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 667-8. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VI. 153, 158, 
395. 407. 546; VII. 185-214. 

/. Washington's farewell to his army. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 88. Morris's Half Hours, II. 143-7. Lossing's 
Field-Book of Rev. H. 634-6. 

LXXXIV. The Treaty of Paris. 

Hinsdale's Old Northwest, 187-91. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 631, 640, 
649, 652. Hildreth's U. S. III. 418-9, 433. Eggleston's Household U. S. 
189. Franklin in France, Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 741. MacCoun's Hist. 
Geog. of U. S., maps. (Teachers see Fiske's Critical Period of Amer. Hist, 
and Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VII. chap. II.) 

a. The commissioners. 

b. The nations interested, and the claims of each. 

c. The boundaries proposed in the earlier discussions. 

d. The articles of the treaty. 

Johnston's U. S. 264. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 77, 89-90. Hildreth's U. S. 
III. 418-9, 433. Fiske's Critical Period of Amer. Hist. 25-33. 

Notice the secret clause in the treaty. 
<?. The treaty between France and England. 

Fiske's Critical Period of Amer. Hist. 37. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 640, 
649. 

/. The treaty between Spain and England. 

Fiske's Critical Period of Amer. Hist. 36. 

g. Locate the boundaries of the territory given over by Great 
Britain. 



72 



THE UNITED STATES. 



h. To what authority was this land given over? Was it owned hv 

the United States? 
/. Which clauses of the treaty were likely to occasion trouble? 

' Oswegatchie. 
Oswego. 
Niagara. 

j. Locate the western forts \ Presque Isle. 

Sandusky. 
Detroit. 
I Mackinaw. 



III. THE UNITED STATES. 

I. Which states claimed western lands? 

Fiske's Critical Period of Amer. Hist. 189-90, 193. Johnston's U. S. 272. 
Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 81-2. MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S., 
map. 

What became of these lands ? Fill out for each state. 

Johnston's U. S. 275. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 83. 

II. The Ordinance of 1787. 

Johnston's U. S. 294. Hildreth's U. S. HI. 527-8. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 84-5. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. HI. 35-7. Fiske's Critical Period 
of Amer. Hist. 203-4. Andrews' Manual of Const., app., XXV.-XXXI. 
Fiske's Civil Govt. 253-4. Coffin's Building the Nation, 22. 

a. The reason for its adoption. 

b. The rights secured by it to the inhabitants of the Northwest 

Territory. Fill out and learn six or seven points. 

c. How was the Northwest Territory to be governed ? 

d. How was it to be divided ? 



i 



THE STATE GOVERNMENTS. 



III. a. When did State governments begin? 

Fiske's Civil Govt. 161-6. Johnston's Amer. Politics, 6-7. Macy's Our Govt. 
33-4. Johnston's U. S. 205. Bryant's Popular Hist. 111.487. Hildreth's 
U. S. III. 374-8. Eggleston's Household U. S. 194-5. Andrews' Manual 
of Const. 328-9. 

b. What is the general plan of a state government? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 331-2. Macy's Our Govt. 29, 34-5. Fiske's Civil 
Govt. 166-71. 

. . WhcTv,^ did the state governments get their authority? 

d. What matters are taken care of by state governments? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 20. Macy's Our Govt. 45-9. 

e. What matters cannot be taken care of by state governments? 

IV. Review : 



What authority had these Congresses? 

V. Review : The Articles of Confederation. 

VI. Condition of the states under the Articles of Confederation. 

Johnston's U. S. 266. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 91-99. Coffin's Building the 
Nation, 16-7. Hildreth's U. S. 111.428,436,445,455,464-5. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 203-12. Fiske's Civil Govt. 208-9. 

a. Trade. 



Congresses of 




1774. 
1775-^3- 



Points about each. { 



Why called ? 

Colonies represented. 

How were the delegates chosen? 

Acts. 



b. Money. 

c. The debt. 



74 



THE UNITED STATES. 



d. The payment of public officers. 

e. Foreign relations. 
/. Shays' RebelHon. 

Johnston's U. S. 277. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 98. Hildreth's U. S. III. 
474-7. Washington and His Country, 494-5. Fiske's Civil Govt. 180-3. 

VII. Why were the Articles of Confederation a failure? 

Winsor's Hist, of Amer. VII. 215-32. Johnston's ftlitics, 8-11. Fiske's Criti- 
cal Period of Amer. Hist. 138, 144-5. 154-9. 162-5. 172. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 86-88. Johnston's U. S. 276, 278. Hildreth's U.S. III. 
453, 466-7, 472,477. Morris's Half Hours, II. 147-8. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 198. Higginson's U. S. 296-304. 

Vni. The Constitutional Convention. 

a. Why called ? 

Fiske's Civil Govt. 209-17. Andrews' Manual of Const. 39-43. 

b. How called ? 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 89-93. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 
24-34. 

c. Place of meeting. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 746+. 

d. The principal men who were members of it. 

For teachers only, Cent. Magazine, XXXVII. 866. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 
VII. chap. IV. 

e. How long did the convention sit? 

(Teachers see Fiske's Critical Period of Amer. Hist, and Frothingham's Rise of 
the Republic.) 

Note. — The class can be taught orally how much preparation Washington, 
Madison, and others made for this convention, and how carefully they studied 
every known form of government which was likely to furnish instruction for their 
guidance. The best small, inexpensive work on this period is Fiske's carefully 
written " Critical Period of American History." 

IX. The making of the Constitution. 

References below and under VIII. 



THE CONSTITUTION. 



75 



Note. — This topic should be the subject of an informal lecture by the teacher, 
adapted to the understanding of his class. Pupils should preserve and learn at 
least so much of what is explained to them as the three compromises. 

Compromises. 

Fiske's Civil Govt. 209-17. Hildreth's U.S. III. 503, 514-19. Fiske"s Critical 
Period of Amer. Hist. 250, 257, 261, 262-4, 267. Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 
Vn. chap. IV. 

a. Between representation by states and representation according 
to population. 

Between the slave trade and national control of the Navigation 
Laws. 

c. On the counting of slaves as a basis of representation. 

Remark. — Fiske's "Critical Period of American History," and " Papers and 
References on the Formation of the Federal Union," by Professor W. C. Jones, 
Univ. of California, are very useful small books for the teacher's use. 

Frothingham's " Rise of the Republic " is a very important authority to consult 
on the whole subject of congressional government during the Revolution, the Arti- 
cles of Confederation, and the evolution of the Constitution. 

OUR GOVERNMENT. 

IX. a. How was the Constitution adopted ? 

Johnston's U. S. 287. Andrews' Manual of Const. 43, 264-5, 271. Const, of 
U. S. Art. VII. Fiske's Civil Govt. 255. 

When was it to go into effect? 

c. How can the Constitution be changed? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 230. Const, of U. S. Art. V. 

What provisions in it cannot be changed ? 

Const, of U. S. Art. V. Andrews' Manual of Const. 231. 

d. The first ten amendments. 
I. When adopted? Why? 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 108. 



76 THE uNrr?:D states. 

2. What rights do they declare and guard? 
(Learn a list of the points.) 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 245-52, 254. 256, 258, 260. Const, of U. S. Amend- 
ments, Arts. I.-X. Fiske s Civii Govt. 256-7. 

e. How can a new state be admitted? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 221-2. Const, of U. S. Art. IV. Sec III. 

Can a state secede? 

How are territories governed? 

Con-st. <.f U. S. Art. IV. Sec. III. clause 2. 

What districts are wholly under the control of Congress? 

Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. VIII. clause 17. Macy's Our Govt. 182. 

/. What are the departments of the national government? 

Johnston's U. S. 281-4. 

g. The President. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 97, loo-i. 

1. Eligibility. 

Andrews' Manual of Con^t. 161. Const, of U. S. Art It. Sec. I. clause 5 

2. Manner of election. 

Const, of U. S. Amendment, Art. XII. Andrews' Manual of Const. 154-5 
Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 102-3. Fiske's Civil Govt. 224-8, 231-3. 

Nominating conventions. 

3. How qualified for office? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 164. Const, of U. S. Art. II. Sec. I. clause 8. 

4. Successor in case of death or disability. 

Andrews' Manual of Const, 161-2. Fiske's Civil Govt. 228-9. Stanwood's 
Pres. Elections, 412. 

5. Salary and privileges. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 164. 



THE CONSTITUTION. 



77 



6. Powers. ( 
Duties. 1^ 

(Student fill out carefully and learn.) 

Fiske's Civil Govt. 234-5. Andrews' Manual of Const. 75, 165, 167, 175-6. 
Macy's Our Govt. 133. Const, of U. S. Art. II. Sec. II. clauses i, 2. 

7. How can a President be deposed? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 179. Const. U. S. Art. I. Sec. III. clause 6; Art. I. 
Sec. II. clause 5. 

8. The President's Cabinet. 

Fiske's Civil Govt. 236-43. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. loi. Andrews' 
Manual of Const. 165, 300-1. 

What does the Constitution say about it? 

Macy's Our Govt. 132. 

Composed of what officers ? j 
Fill out. I 

State Dept.. see Macy's Our Govt. 141-4. Treas. Dept., Macy's Our Govt. 
144-7. P. O. Dept., Macy's Our Govt. 158-63. War and Navy Depts., Macy's 
Our Govt. 163-7. Interior Dept., Macy's Our Govt. 168-73. Macy's Our 
Govt. 173-6. 

How are its members appointed? 
Position and duties of the members. 

r 

Bureaus. ^ 

I 

(Pupil fill out the bureaus belonging to each department, and preserve in his 
note-book.) 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 305, 311, 313, 317. 

/i. Congress. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 97-8. 

I. The House of Representatives. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 95. 



78 



THE UNITED STATES. 



a. Number of members. 
Andrews' Manual of Const. 54. 

b. How is the number of members determined? 

Andrews* Manual of Const. 54. Macy's Our Govt. 180-1. Const, of U. S. 
Art. I. Sec. II. clause 3. 

c. How are representatives chosen? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 48. Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. IV. clause i. 

d. EHgibiHty. 

Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. II. clause 2. Andrews' Manual of Const. 48. 

e. Term of office. 

Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. II. clause i. Andrews' Manual of Const. 47. 

/. How admitted to Congress ? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 68. 

g. Salary and privileges. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 71-4. Macy's Our Govt. 215-6. Const, of U. S. 
Art. I. Sec. VI. clause i. 

//. Powers of the House. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 68-9, 74. Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. II. clause 5 ; 
Sec. V. clauses 1-4 ; Sec. VII. clause i. 

/. Has it any powers which do not belong to the Senate ? 

2. The Senate. 

a. Number of senators. 

fohnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 96. Andrews' Manual of Const. 57-8. 
Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. III. clause i. 

d. How are senators chosen ? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 58. 

c. Eligibihty. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 61. Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. III. clause 3. 

d. Term. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 59. 



THE CONSTITUTION. 



79 



e. Salary and privileges. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 71-4. Const, of U. S. Ait. 1. Sec. VI. clause i. 

/. Powers of the Senate. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 63, 167. Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. Ill . clauses 
5-6; Sec. \T. clauses 1-4. 

g. Has it any powers which do not belong to the House? 

3. Congress as a whole. 

a. Time of meeting. 

Andrews' Manual oi Const. 66. Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. IV. clause 2. 

Quorum. 

b. Sessions. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 67. Macy's Our Govt. 183. 

c. Adjournment. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 68. 

d. Powers of Congress as a whole. 

Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. VIII. clauses 1-18. Macy's Our Govt. 222-33. 
Fiske's Civil Govt. 244, 247. 

Note. — Each point should be taken up and discussed as fully as the time 
given to this part of the work will allow. 

e. The committee system. 

Macy's Our Govt. 185-6, 188. 

Note. — Probably this topic will have to be explained in detail by the teacher. 

f. How does a bill become a law? 

Macy's Our Go\^. 187-8. 

4. What things are forbidden to Congress in the Constitution? 

Ai^iendments and Const, of U. S. Art. I-. Sec. IX. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 99. Macy's Our Govt. 199. Fiske's Civil Govt. 247. 

5. What things are prohibited to the states? 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 100. Andrews' Manual of Const. 144, 254. 
Macy's Our Govt. 199. Fiske's Civil Govt. 245. 



So 



THE UNITED STATK.S. 



6. What is meant by a constitutional check? 

Macy's Our Govt. 193-5. 

Mention some constitutional checks which apply to the 
federal government. 
/. The federal courts. 

1. The Supreme Court. 

Andrews* Manual of Const. 183-91. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 104-5. 
Fiske's Civil Govt. 250-2. 

a. How are the judges appointed? 

Const, of U. S. Art. II. Sec. II. clause 2. 

fi. Tenure of office and salary. 

<r. Over what matters has the Supreme Court jurisdiction? 

Macy's Our Govt. 126-9. Const, of U. S. Art. III. Sec. II. clause i. 

t/. What was Amendment XI. ? 
Why adopted ? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 252. 

2. The Circuit Court. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 183. Macy's Our Govt. 109-11, 112. 

What is its relation to the Supreme Court? 
What kind of cases does it try ? 

3. The District Courts. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 183. Macy's Our Govt. iii. 

How are judges of the District Courts appointed? 
What kind of cases are tried in a District Court ? 

Note. — A very clear and intelligible discussion, entirely suited to students in 
secondary schools, of classes of cases, method of procedure, appeals, etc., will be 
found in Macy's " Our Government," chap. XXI. 

4. The Court of Claims. 
a. When instituted? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 185. 



Washington's administration. 



8r 



b. What kind of cases is decided in the Court of Claims? 
j. What does the Constitution say about slavery? 

Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. II. clause 3; Sec. IX. clause i; Art. IV. Sec. II. 
clause 3 ; Art. \\ Fiske's Civil Govt. 255-7. Macy's Our Govt. 212. 

X. The first President of the United States. 

Washington and His Country, 499. Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. II. 38, 39, 
635, 658. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 104 +. Hildreth 's U. S. IV. 40, 46, 48, 
53-64. 

a. The election. 

b. Washington's claim upon the gratitude of his countrymen ? 

XI. Washington's administration. 

Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 8. Johnston's U. S. 297. Bryant's Popular 

Hist. IV. 104-5. W^ashington and His Country, 499-506. Coffin's Building 

the Nation, 24-6. Eggleston's Household U. S. 200-2. Cent. Magazine, 
XXXVII. 803, 834, 850, 860. 

a. His inauguration. 

b. His Cabinet. 

Johnston's U. S. 299. Hildreth's U. S. IV. 130-1. johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 124-5. 

. The Whiskey Insurrection. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. 118-21. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 88. 
Morris's Half Hours, II. 161 ^. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 125. 

d. Indian troubles. 

Johnston's U. S. 309. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 112-18. Hildreth's U. S. 
IV. 247-8, 281, 283-5. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 40-3, 46-56. 
Morris's Half Hours, II. 180. Eggleston's Household U. S. 217-20. 

e. The cotton-gin. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 205. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 164. Amer. 
Ency. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 137. Coffin's Building the Nation, 
73-7. Lights of Two Centuries, 559-68. 

What was the effect of its invention upon slavery? 
/. Financial. 



82 



THE UNITED STATES. 



1. Alexander Hamilton's plans. 

Johnston's U. S. 301. Johnston's Politics, 21-4. Hildreth's U. S. IV. 152. 
Washington and His Country, 509. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 
123-4. For Hamilton the man, see Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 99- 
133. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, HI. 64-5. Fiske's Civil Govt. 257-60. 

2. The debt. 

3. The bank. 

g. Foreign affairs. 

1. The French Revolution. 

Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, HI. 60-1,67,73-8. Myers's Med. and Mod. Hist. 

2. Genet's mission. 

Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, 79-83. Johnston's U. S. 307. Washington 
and His Country, 512. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 123. Hildreth's U. S, IV. 
412, 415, 418-19, 422, 439. Johnston's Politics, 29-30. 

3. Jay's treaty : Terms. 

Johnson's U. S. 310. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 124-6. Hildreth's U. S. 
IV. 488, 539, 541-2, 545. Johnston's Politics, 31-3, 35. Washington and 
His Country, 513. Lossing's Field-Book ot 18 12, HI. 62-3, 86-7. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S. 221-2. 

4. The Spanish treaty : Terms. 

Johnston's U. S. 316. Hildreth's U. S. IV. 569. Bryant's Popular Hist. iV. 
140. 

h. New states admitted. 

Johnston's U. S. 318. Johnston's Politics, 289. 

/. The election of 1796. 

Johnston's U. S. 312. Hildreth's U. S. IV. 685-9, 701. Johnston's Politics, 
39-40. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 92. .Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 
24. 

Parties. 
Issues. 
Candidates. 
Result. 

/ Washington's farewell address. 

Johnston's U. S. 437-8. 



ADAMS's ADMINISTRATION. 83 

The Student should read the address and select from it points 
which Washington intended as advice to his countrymen. 
k. Washington's death. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 135. Washington and His Country, 517-22. Los- 
sing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 109-11. 

Outline for an essay on Washington. 

a. Washington's private life and his character as a man. 

b. Washington's services to his country. 

c. Washington's character and ability as a general ; as an 

administrator ; as a diplomatist. 

d. Washington's permanent place in history. 

XII. Adams's administration. 

a. Earlier Hfe, pubhc services, and character. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 434. Johnston's U. S. 319. Bryant's Popular Hist. 
IV. 76-7, 95, 105. 

b. Foreign affairs. 
Difficulties with France. 

1. Review the Genet affair. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 133. Johnston's Politics, 42-6. Johnston's U. S. 
323. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 130-1. Eggleston's Household 
U. S. 223-5. 

2. The AHen and Sedition Laws. 

c. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 130. Johnston's Politics, 45-6. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 131. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 83-4. 

1. Author of the Resolutions. 

2. Occasion of the Resolutions. 

d. The first parties in the United States. 

Johnston's U. S. I. 330. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 143. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 111-12, 122-3, 125-6. Macy's Our Govt. 235-6, 237, 240-2. 

I. What party division among the people had there been at 
the adoption of the Constitution? 



84 



THE UNITED STATES. 



2. What were the doctrines of the Anti- Federalists? 

Johnston's U. S. 330. Johnston's Politics, 25-6, 33-4, 52 +. Lossing's Field- 
Book of 1812, III. 115. 

3. The first states-right doctrine. 

Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 108, and above under c. 

4. The election of 1800. 

Johnston's U. S. 394. Johnston's Politics, 49-50. Johnston's U. S. Hist, anu 
Const. 132-4. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 108. Macy's Our Govt. 
249. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 30. 

Parties. 
Issues. 
Candidates. 
The results. 

5. The change in the Constitution resulting from this election. 

Johnston's U. S. 423, 430. Johnston's Politics, 58. Eggleston's Household 
U. S. 227-8. 

6. The removal of the capital. 

Johnston's U. S. 325. Johnston's Politics, 22. Eggleston's Household U.S. 
222-3. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 114. Johnston's U. S. Hist, 
and Const. 134. Cent. Magazine, XXV. 803; XXVII. 643, 803. 

What does the Constitution say about the control of the 
District of Columbia? 

Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. VIII. clause 17. 

XIII. The country and its people. 

a. Population. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 202-9. Coffin's Building the Nation, 63. 

b. Emigration to the west. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 112. Morris's Half Hours. IT. 169-79. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S. 231-8. Coffin's Building the Nation, 131-2. 
Hildreth's U. S. III. 540-9. 

c. Roads and modes of travel. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 204-5. 



Jefferson's admixistratjon. 



85 



d. Mail and newspapers. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 206. 

e. Home and social life. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 203-7, 209-12. Coffin's Building the Nation, 
chaps, v., VI., VH. 

/. Home industries. 

Eggleston's Household U. S. 209-12. Coffin's Building the Nation, 69-74. 

g. Invention and progress. 

Coffin's Building ihe Nation, 70-3. 

XIV. Jefferson's administration. 

a. Earlier life. 

Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 67-99. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 95, 
122, 128. Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 643+, 654 +. 

b. Public services. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 125, 139. 

c. Character, political creed, and relation to his party. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 164-5. Johnston's Politics, 52. 

d. The Louisiana parchase. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 137, 139, 145-8. Johnston's Politics, 57. Morris's 
Half Hours, II. 192. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 139. Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. I. 5-8. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 131-4. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 238-40. Washington and His Country, 523-4 ; 
map, 524. 

1. Who had previously owned Louisiana? 

2. Why did the United States wish to purchase it? 

3. Why did France wish to sell it? 

4. Locate the exact boundaries of the purchase on the map. 

See MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. 

e. Hamilton's death. 

Life of Hamilton, Amer. Statesmen Series. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 149. 
Coffin's Building the Nation, 133-6. Lossing's Field-Book of l8i2, III, 
135. Washington and His Country, 525, 



86 



THE UNITED STATES. 



/. Burr's trial. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 149-51. Johnston's U. S. 338^. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 137-9. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 136-7. 

How does the Constitution define treason? 

Const, of U. S. Art. III. Sec. III. clauses i, 2. 

g. The foreign slave trade ended. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 46, note b\ 66. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 221. 
Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 173-4. 

Did any European nation carry on the slave trade at that time? 

h. Inventions and discoveries. 

1. The steamboat. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 169. Johnston's U. S. 335. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 277-9. Coffin's Building the Nation, 139-41. Lights of Two 
Centuries, 549-58. 

2. The Lewis and Clark expedition. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 216. Johnston's U. S. 333. Bryant's Popular Hist. 
IV •170. 

i. States admitted. 

Johnston's U. S. 347. 

J, Foreign affairs. 

1. War with Tripoli. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 154-161. Johnston's U. S. 340-1. Lossing's Field- 
Book of 1812, III. 117-25. Washington and His Country, 525. Eggles- 
ton's Household U. S.' 229-30. 

Notice the treaty with Morocco in 1787; with Algiers in 
1796. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 154-61. Morris's Half Hours, II. 201. Coffin's 
Building the Nation, 119-30. 

2. The European blockade. 

Johnston's U. S. 341. 

3. The Berhn Decree. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 174. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 144. 
Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 129. Johnston's U. S. 341. 



Jefferson's administration. 



87 



4. The orders in council. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 144. Lossing's Field-Book ot 1812, III. 
84, Johnston's U. S. 341. 

5. The Milan Decree. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 144. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 
154. Johnston's U. S. 341. 

6. The difficulties of the carrying trade. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. I\'. 173. Johnston's U. S. 342. Lossing's Field-Book 
of i5i2, III. 102, 104, 133-9, 141, 153. 

7. The United States navy. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 175-6. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 90-1, 
119-20, 167-8. 

8. The Embargo Act. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 145. Johnston's U. S. 344. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 178. Johnston's Politics, 65. Washington and His 
Country, 526. Morris's Half Hours, II. 218-19. Lossing's Field-Book of 
1812, III. 162, 174. Eggleston's Household U. S. 243. 

9. The Xon-Intercourse Act. 

Johnston's U. S. 345. Johnston's Politics, 68. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, 
III. 223. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 145. 

10. Outline Jefferson's administration, for the blackboard. 

11. The election of 1808. 

Johnston's U. S. 346. Johnston's Politics, 66-7. Eggleston's Household U. S. 
244. Stanwood's Pres. Elections. 51. 

Parties. 
Issues. 
Candidates. 
Result. 

V, Madison's administration. 
Earlier hfe and public ser^dces. 
Johnston's L'. S. 348. Br\-ant's Popular Hist. IV. loi. 



88 



THE UNITED STATES. 



b. Naval encounters with Great Britain before 1812. 

Johnston's U. S. 342, 349. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 176-77, 182. Morris's 
Half Hours, II. 226. Coffin's Building the Nation, 159. Lossing's Field- 
Book of 1812, III. 157, 184. 

c. War with the Indians. 

Johnston's U. S. 350. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 182-3. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 144-6. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 187-9, 200-9. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 245-6. 

1. Cause. 

2. Tecumseh. 

d. Condition of the United States with relation to war. 

1. Population. 
Johnston's U. S. 353. 

2. Number of states. 

3. Army. 

Johnston's U. S. 352. Eggleston's Household U. S. 249. 

4. Navy. 

Johnston's U. S. 366. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 175-6. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 159. Morris's Half Hours, II. 226+. Eggleston's Household 
U. S. 250. 

5. Defences. 

Johnston's U. S. 364. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 234-42. 

6. What points were most likely to be attacked ? 

e. Causes of the War of 1812. Remote. Immediate. 

Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, 85, 142, 153, 170, 175, 226, 1068. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 142-3. R. Johnston's War of 1812, chap. I. Coffin's 
Building the Nation, 143. Eggleston's Household U. S. 242-3. Johnston's 
U. S. 342. Johnston's Politics, 71. 

/. Declaration of war. 

Johnston's U. S. 351. Br}'ant's Popular Hist. IV. 186-7. Lossing's Field- 
Book of 1812, III. 228. 



MADieON's ADMINISTRATION. 



89 



g. Naval events of the year 181 2. 

Johnston's U. S. 366-70. Coffin's Building the Nation, 167-70. R. Johnston's 
War of 1812, chap. V. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. chaps. XX., 
XXI. Egglestun's Household U. S. 251-4. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 
191-3. 

h. Draw a map of the seat of war. 



For a map of Niagara River, see Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 191 ; Coffin's 
Building the Nation, 154; Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 382. 

/. Opening movements. 

1. Surrender of Detroit. 
Results. 

Johnston's U. S. 357. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 187-8. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 151-8. Washington and His Country, 532 Lossing's Field- 
Book of 1812, III. 272-8, 289-91. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 2S-37. 

2. Battle of Fort Dearborn. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 188 Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 303, 312; 
map, 308. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 32-4. 

3. Battle of Queenstown. 

Johnston's U. S. 358. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 190-1. Lossing's Field-Book 
of 1812, III. 389-404. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 49-58. 

J. Make a summary of the miHtary events of the year 181 2. 

What was the object of the movements that year on each side? 

What had been gained or lost by each side ? 

In what position were the armies at the close of the year? 
k. The opposition to the w^ar, and Madison's re-election. 

Johnston's U. S. 355-6. Johnston's Politics, 74. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 57. 



Locate Forts 



' Meigs. 

Stephenson. 
. Niagara. 

Erie. 

Maiden. 
^ Dearborn. 



/. The year 1813. 

The plan of campaign. 



go 



THE UNITED STATES. 



1. General Harrison's movements in the Northwest. 

Johnston's U. S. 358-62. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 193-5. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 171-6. Lossing's Field-Book of 18 12, III. 494, 497-9, 501-4. 
R. Johnston's War of 1812, 84-96. 

What did he accompHsh ? with map. 

^ Ontario. 

2. Lake navies and commanders on ^ P>ie. 

I Cham plain. 

Johnston's U. S, 379-383. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 98-9, 106-7, no-ii, 
121, 125-6, 127-34. 

3. The battle of Lake Erie ; with map. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 199. Morris's Half Hours, II. 234. Coffin's Build- 
ing the Nation, chap. XIV. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, 111. 509-12, 514, 

522-3, 526, 529-30, 533. 

4. The battle of the Thames ; with map. 

Johnston's U. S. 362. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 200. Coffin's Building the 
Nation, 194-6. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 516, 545-6, 548, 552-3. 
Morris's Half Hours, 11. 243. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 140-7. 

5. General Dearborn's operations, and the movements of his 

army up to its reorganization ; with map. 

Johnston's U. S. 363. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 195-7. Lossing's Field-Book 
of 1812, III. 586-90. 

6. Naval events of 181 3. 

Johnston's U. S. 366-70. R. Johnston's War of 1812, chap. XI. 

Victories ; result. 
Defeats. 

On the Atlantic coast. 

Johnston's U. S. 384-6. 

7. Which side had the advantage at the close of 181 3? 
Give points in support of your opinion. 

m. The year 18 14. 
I. Naval events. 

R. Johnston's War of 1812, chap. XVHI. Johnston's U. S. 374, 386-7. 



Madison's administration. 



91 



2. Privateers. 

What are letters of marque and reprisal? 

Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 214, 992-1007. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 
chap. XII. Johnston's U. S. 377. Macy's Our Govt. 217. 

3. On Lake Champlain. 

Johnston's U. S. 383. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 214-5. Coffin's Building the 
Nation, 203-6; map, 205. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 860, 864, 866- 
73; maps, 871, 860. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 260-6. 

4. On the Atlantic coast. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 216. Johnston's U. S. 384-6. R. Johnston's War 
of 1812, 268-9, 271. 

Maine. 

Washington. 

Baltimore. 

Johnston's U. S. 387-9. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 217-23. Lossing's Field- 
Book of 1812, in. 917-8, 921, 923-30, 933-4, 937, 949, 952, 954. Coffin's 
Building the Nation, 211-22. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 276-83, 285-8. 
Morris's Half Hours, U. 262. 

5. The Hartford Convention and the opposition to the war. 

Johnston's U. S. 391. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 225, 230. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 150. Johnston's Politics, 78-9. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 
326-30. 

6. The reorganization of the army. 

Johnston's U. S. 392. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 629. 

7. The army of the Northwest in 1814 ; with map. 
Lundy's Lane. 

Johnston's U. S. 393-5. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 212. Morris's Half Hours, 
11.250. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 810, 823, 827-8, 839. Cofifin's 
Building the Nation, 196-202. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 232-40. 

8. The Creek War. 

Johnston's U. S. 396-8. Br\ ant's Popular Hist. IV. 203. Lossing's Field-Book 
of t8i2, nr. 780-2. R. Johnston's War of 1812, 178-83. 



92 



THE UNITED STATES. 



9. The expedition against New Orleans, 1815 ; with map. 

Johnston's U. S. 401-2. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 234-7. Morris's Halt 
Hours, II. 274. Coffin's Building the Nation, 225-31 ; map, 226. Lossing's 
Field-Book ot 18 12, HI. 1034-1050; maps, 1036, 1040, 1044. Johnston's 
War of 1812, 335-45. 

10. The treaty of peace. 

Johnston's U. S. 399, 403-4. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 240-1. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 151. Lossing's Field-Book of 1812, III. 1060-3. ^^ 
Johnston's War of 1812, 346-9. Eggleston's Household U. S. 263. 

The commissioners. 

Peace. 



The articles about 



Boundaries. 
^ The slave trade. 
1^ Captured and runaway slaves. 



Note. — The fishery question was left to be settled by a later treaty. See the 
treaty of 1818, p. 93. 

n. The results of the war. 

Johnston's U. S. 409-10. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 242-4. Morris's Half 
Hours, II. 290-2. Coffin's Building the Nation, 232-5. R. Johnston's War 
of 1812, 349-50. Eggleston's Household U. S. 263-8. 

The condition of the country after the war. 
o. The Barbary pirates. 
Johnston's U. S. 412. 

/. The Louisiana Purchase. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 259 -h. Johnston's U. o. 332. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, 84-5. Johnston's Politics, 57. Eggleston's Household U. S. 238- 
40. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 213, 215. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 
139-40. Any Ency. 

When discovered and explored? 

When first settled ? 

Why valuable to the United States? 

Character of the population at the time of its purchase. 

Exact boundaries of the purchase. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. ; map, 259. MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. 



iMOnroe's administration. 



93 



q. Other states admitted, 
r. The national debt. 

Johnston's U. S. 410. 

How can a nation get into debt? 
How can it raise the money to pay debts ? 
s. The Second National Bank. 

Johnston's U. S. 411. Johnston's Politics, 71. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 244. 
Coffin's Building the Nation, 235. Morris's Half Hours, II. 292 +. 

/. The Federalist party. 

Johnston's U. S. 413. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 246. Johnston's Politics, 80. 
Morris's Half Hours, II. 292. Coffin's Building the Nation, 232. 

Review its origin, history, and doctrines. 
What was its condition at the close of the war? 
//. The election of 1 816. 

Johnston's U. S. 414. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 246. Johnston's Politics, 82. 
Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 64. 

Candidates. 
Parties. 
Is^es. 
The result. 

XVI. Monroe's administration. 

a. Public services, character, and party relations. 
Johnston's U. S. 416. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 29, 146, 241. 

b. The Convention of 1818. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 615-19. Isham's Fishery Question, 45-9. 

Note. — A very convenient summary of our relations with Great Britain on the 
fishery question will be found in Isham's little book, entitled "The Fishery Ques- 
tion " ; and a discussion of the entire question will be found in Blaine's " Twenty 
Years of Congress," Vol. II. chap. XXII. 

c. The Seminole Indians. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 246, 253-5. Johnston's U. S. 418. 



94 



THE UNITED STATES. 



d, Florida. 

1. Its settlement. 

2. Transfers of ownership. 

Johnston's U. S. 418. Bryant's Popular Hist. 259. Johnston's Politics, 
85. Eggleston's Household U. S. 269. 

3. Purchase by the United States. 

e. The Missouri Compromise. 

1. Slavery in the colonies. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 28-32. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. XIX.; 
previous references. 

2. Provisions in the Constitution about slavery. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 43-7. Const, of U. S. Art. I. Sec. H. clause 3; 
Sec. IX. clause i ; Art. IV. Sec. II. clause 3; Art. V. 

3. What is the cotton-gin? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 108-9, 261. Coffin's Building the Nation, 73-7. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 366. Amer. Ency. V. 405-6. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 57-8, 67-71. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 113-14, 161. 

When invented? 

What was the effect of its invention upon the slave trade? 

4. What states had slavery in 1820? 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 36. Amer. Ency. XV. 98-9. 

For increase in the number of slaves, see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 
173-4. 

5 . Extension of territory in relation to slavery ; the slavery 

question in the North and in the South. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 261-2, and above. 

6. The compromise. 

Morris's Half Hours, II. 305. Johnston's U. S. 424-6. Montgomery's Amer. 
Hist. 329-43. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 260-7. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 162. Johnston's Politics, 86-9. Coffin's Building the Nation, 243-4. 
Eggleston's Household U. S. 266-9. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 74-80. 
Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 15-21. 



Monroe's administration. 



95 



/. The Monroe doctrine. 

The occasion for its enunciation. 

Johnston's U. S. 427. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 279, 285. Johnston's U, S. 
Hist, and Const. 157. Johnston's Politics, 93 +. Coffin's Building the Nation, 
244-5- 

g. La Fayette's visit. 

Johnston's U. S. 428. Coffin's Building the Nation, 245-6. 

/i. The Erie Canal. 

Johnston's U. S. 430-1. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 250-1. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 275. Coffin's Building the Nation, 238-42. Eggleston's House- 
hold U. S. 278-9. Amer. Ency. 

1. Previous routes west. 

2. Map of the route by the canal. 

3. Its commercial importance. 

/. The National road and internal improvements. 

Johnston's U. S. 431. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 244-5. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 274. Eggleston's Household U. S. 279. 

y. The tariff. 

Johnston's U. S. 432. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 153, 156. Bryant's 

Popular Hist. IV. 278-90. Johnston's Politics, 84, 87, 89, 94. Coffin's 
Building the Nation, 246-7. Macy's Our Govt. 76-7. 

Define a protective tariff. 
Define a revenue tariff. 
k. The election of 1824. 

Johnston's U. S. 433. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 280. Johnston's Politics, 
94-5. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 79. 

Parties. 
Issues. 
Candidates. 
The result. 



96 



THE UNITED STATES. 



XVII. John Quincy Adams's administration. 

a. EarHer hfe, public services, and party relations. 

Life of J. Q. Adams, Statesmen Series. Johnston's U. S. 435. Amer. Ency. 

b. The removal of the Cherokees. 

Johnston's U. S. 437-8. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 288-9. 

c. Discoveries and inventions. 

1. The railroad. 

Johnston's U. S. 436, 451-2. Bryant's Popular Hist. W . 314. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 425-31. Lights of Two Centuries, 569-76. 

2. Ocean steamers. 

Johnston's U. S. 453-4. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 275-6. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 139-41. Amer. Ency. XV. 352. Lights of Two Centuries, 
569-76. 

3. Anthracite coal. 

Johnston's U. S. 453. Amer. Ency. IV. 726. Ency. Brit. VI. 47. 

When was gas first used in Hghting cities ? 

What effect upon the morality and orderliness of the inhabi- 



tants of a great city does the Hghting of its streets by 
night exert? 



Johnston's U. S. 455. 

In some way make the pupil trace out the great changes in 
every-day life which have resulted from these inventions. 
d. National progress. 

1. Population. 

Johnston's U. S. 459. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 311. Morris's Half Hours, 
II. 296-7. 

2. Public improvements. 

Morris's Half Hours, II. 292-7. 

3. Prisons. 
Johnston's U. S. 469. 



f 



4. Other inventions. Fill out. 



JOHN QUIXCY ADAMS's ADMINISTRATION. 



97 



4. Foreign relations. 

Johnston's U. S. 472. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 2S3. Morris's Half Hours, 
11. 303-4- 

5. Territory and states added since 1789. 

6. Newspapers and education. 

Johnston's U. S. 463-5. 

e. The rise of new movements. 

1. The Abolitionists. 

Cent, Magazine, XXX. 587, 589, 592, 780. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. 
XIX. Johnston's U. S. 470. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 324-5. Johnston's 
Politics, 123. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 21-4. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, 112-5. 

2. The Washingtonian movement. 

Johnston's U. S. 468. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. XVIII. 

3. The Anti- Masons. 

Johnston's U. S. 482. 

/. The tariff of 1828. 

Johnston's U. S. 441. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 291. Johnston's Politics, 100. 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 91-2. 

g. The formation of the new^ parties. 

1. Why did the North and the South differ on the tariff 

question ? 

Johnston's U. S. 440-5. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 286, 290-1. Johnston's 
Politics, 97, 99, 103-4. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 159-60. 

2. Define : 

Strict constructionist. 

Johnston's Politics, i, 2, 13. Johnston's U. S. 440-4. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 
1.85. 

Loose constructionist. 
The American system. 

Johnston's U. S. 441-2, 479-80. Johnston's Politics, 84, 94, 97, 100. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



3. Persons : 
Clay. 

Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 230-68. Johnston's Politics, 71, 76, 84. 88, 
94, 96, 103, III. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 183, 209, 241, 267, 277, 281, 285, 
305, 309, 368. Johnston's U. S. 426, 433, 441, 467, 480, 481, 483. 

Calhoun. 

Johnston's Politics, 71, 95, 98, 108, 113. Johnston's U. S. 433, 445, 481, 483, 487. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 183, 245, 281, 308 note, 363, 367, 386. 

Webster. 

Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 177-230. Johnston's U. S. 467, 480-1. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. l\\ 245, 301, 305. Johnston's Politics, 107. 

Jackson. 

Johnston's U. S. 397-8, 400, 402, 418, 433, 445, 448. Johnston's Politics, 85, 95, 
97, 101-5. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 203, 210, 236, 252-3, 277, 296, 300, 308. 

r First appearance in public life. 
About each give -l Party membership and principles. 

I Public career previous to 1830. 

4. Party names. 

5. Explain the formation of the new parties and their relation 

to the old parties. 

Johnston's Politics, 96-8. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 166-8: and pre- 
vious references. 

6. Party platforms, or doctrines. 

Johnston's U. S. 444-5. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 295-6. Johnston's Poli- 
tics, 99. 

The election of 1828. 

Johnston's Politics, 100. Johnston's U. S. 445. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 
277, 295-6. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 96. 

Parties. 
Issues. 
Candidates. 
The result. 



Jackson's administration. 



99 



XVIII. Jackson's administration. 

Previous references and Cent. Magazine, XXVII. 559. Bolton's Famous Amer. 
Statesmen, 133-77. 

r Jackson's previous history. 
a. \ His public services. 



b. The spoils system. 

Johnston's U. S. 475. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 297. Johnston's Politics, 
105-6. Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, 145-8. Macy's Our Govt. 134. 

Define civil service. 

c, Jackson's objections to the bank. 

Johnston's Politics, 104. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 300. Johnston's U. S. 
476-7. 

Jackson's objections to the tariff. 

Johnston's U. S. 479. 

/. The arguments of the friends of the tariff and the bank. 

Johnston's U. S. 480. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 301. Johnston's Politics, 



c. The election of 1832. 

Johnston's U. S. 481-3. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 302. Johnston's Politics, 
III, 114. 

1. National conventions. 

Macy's Our Govt, 238-9. 

2. Candidates. 

3. Issues. 

4. Results. 

/ Nullification troubles. 

I. What is the doctrine of state rights? 

Johnston's U. S. 304-5, 486-7. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 286-8, 305-6. John- 
ston's Politics, 14, 15, 46, 1 12-3. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 130-1, 
169-70. Greeley's Amer, Conflict, 93-102, 

Trace its origin and history up to this time. 




109-10. 



lOO 



THE UNITED STATES. 



Note. — Reference is made to Jefferson's doctrines, the Virginia and Kentucky 
Resolutions, etc. 

2. What is nullification? 

Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, 207-23, 281-90. Morris's Half Hours, II. 
317-20. Johnston's U. S. 487. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 130, 306-9. 
Johnston's Politics, 105, 108, 112-3. Coffin's Building the Nation, 247-50. 
Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 169. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 81-7, 

93-100. 

What are the arguments for the right to nulUfy? 

3. Give the best argument you can against the state-rights 

doctrine. 

References under 2. 

4. Give the history of South CaroHna's attempt to nulhfy the 

tariff. 

Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, 281-90. Johnston's U. S. 480. Johnston's 
Politics, 104. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 300 ; and references under 2. 

5. What was the compromise tariff? 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 170. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. loi. 
Johnston's U. S. 488-90. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 309. Johnston's Poli- 
tics, 1 13-4. 

g. States admitted in Jackson's administration. 

Johnston's U. S. 461-2. Johnston's Politics, 289. 

h, Indian affairs. 

Coffin's Building the Nation, 301-4. Johnston's U. S. 471. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 246, 350, 352, 354. Morris's Half Hours, II. 328-36. 

/. Inventions : the screw propeller, etc. 

Johnston's U. S. 449-55. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 313-5. 

J, Foreign affairs : Texas. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 182. Johnston's U. S. 521-4. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 361-3. Coffin's Building the Nation, 291-300. 

k. Financial. 

The bank contest. 

Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, chap. XI. 



Jackson's admixistratton. toi 

1. Review the previous bank, and the bank charters. 

2. The bank party. 

3. The party against the bank. 

Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, 261-7. 

4. The bill to recharter. 

Johnston's U. S. 477. Johnston's Politics, 109-10. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 168. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 300-1. 

5. The election of 1832, with reference to the bank. 

Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 102. Johnston's U. S. 483. Johnston's Politics, 
III, 114. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 302. 

6. The first sub-treasury bill. 

Johnston's U. S. 500. Johnston's Politics, 118, note. 

7. The removal of the deposits. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 168. Johnston's U. S. 477. Andrew Jackson, 
Statesmen Series, 296-7, 300-1, 303. Johnston's Politics, 115-7. 

8. The censure of the President. 

Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, 310-11, 313. Johnston's Politics, 117. 

9. The national debt. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 311. Johnston's U. S. 460. 

The sale of public lands. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 172, 175-6. Andrew Jackson, Statesmen 
Series, 184-5. Johnston's U. S. 459. 

The surplus. 

Johnston's U. S. 460. Johnston's Politics, 120-1. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 
3T2-13. 

10. The distribution of the surplus to the states. 

Johnston's U. S. 460. Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, 325-9. 

11. Wild cat banks " and speculation. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 176-7. Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series, 
chap. XIV. Johnston's U. S. 496. 



102 



THE UNITED STATES. 



12. The election of 1836 in relation to the bank. 

Johnston's U. S. 491-3. Johnston's Pohtics, 120-3. Sianwood's Pres. Elec- 
tions, 113. 

13. The specie circular. 

Johnston's U. S. 497. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 177-8. Andrew 
Jackson, Statesmen Series, 335-6. Johnston's Pohtics, 121. 

14. The suspension. 

Johnston's U. S. 498. Johnston's Pohtics, 125-6. 

15. The panic of 1837. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 178. Johnston's U. S. 498-9, 501. Johnston's 
Pohtics, 126. Bryant's Popular Hist. IW 312. 

Causes. 
Repudiation. 
The treasury issue. 

Johnston's U. S. 499. 

16. The new charter as a state bank. 

17. The election of 1840 in relation to the bank. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 179. Johnston's U. S. 511. Johnston's 
Pohtics, 129-30. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 356-7. 

18. The end of the bank. 

Johnston's U. S. 514-5. Johnston's Pohtics, 133. 

19. The sub-treasuries. 

Johnston's U. S. 500, 515. Johnston's PoUtics, 127, 129. Macy's Our Govt. 
146. 

/. The election of 1836. 

Johnston's U. S. 492. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 113. 

Parties. 
Issues. 
Candidates. 
The result. 



VAN buren's administration. 



103 



XIX. Van Buren's administration. 

a. Financial affairs. (See Jackson's administration.) 

b. Foreign relations. 
The Canadian revolt. 

Johnston's U. S. 508. 

The Maine boundary. 

Johnston's U. S. 509. 

c. The slavery question. 

1. The Abolitionists. 

Johnston's U. S. 470, 504, 511, 532. Johnston's U.S. Hist, and Const. 180-1. 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 115-7. Cent. Magazine, XXX. 587, 589, 592, 
780. Coffin's Building the Nation, 282-90, 305-7. Bryant's Popular Hiit. 
IV. 316-8, 324-7. 

2. Riots, — Lovejoy, etc. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIII. 275+. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 125-42. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 328, 330-1, 336-7. Johnston's U. S. 505. Coffin's 
Building the Nation, 308-13. 

3. The Struggle in the House for the right of petition. 

Johnston's U. S. 506. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 338-40. J. Q. Adams, 
Statesmen Series, 443-4, 249-62, 268, 278, 306-7. Blaine's Twenty Years of 
Cong. I. 23-5. 

4. The relation of the churches to the slavery question. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 117-27. 

d. The election of 1840. 

Johnston's U. S. 510-11. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 356-7. Johnston's 
Politics, 129-30. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 123. 

Parties. 

Issues. 

Candidates. 

The result. 

XX. Harrison and Tyler's administration. 
a. Harrison's previous Hfe. 

Johnston's U. S. 350, 359, 361-2, 492, 513. 

Public services and party. 



I04 



THE UNITED STATES. 



b. The sub-treasury repeal. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 178-9. Johnston's U. S. 515. Macy's Our 
Govt. 146. 

Review the history of the sub- treasury bill. 

c. The tariff of 1842. 

Johnston's U. S. 517. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 180. Johnston's 
Politics, 135. 

Review: Tariffs since 1789. 

d. Foreign relations. 

1. The extradition treaty. 

Johnston's U. S. 518. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 365. 

2. The northern boundary. 

Johnston's U. S. 519. 

3. The Oregon country. 

Johnston's U. S. 520. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 287-8. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 363-86. 

4. The Texas country. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 364, 367-8. Johnston's U. S. 521-4. Johnston's 
Politics, 137-42. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 147, 151 ; mnp, 160. 

e. Internal affairs. 

1. The Dorr RebelHon. 

Johnston's U. S. 530. Bryant's Popular Hist. TV. 366. 

2. The anti-rent difficulties. 

Johnston's U. S. 531. 

Refer to the privileges of Patroons in the colony of New 
Netherland. 
y. Education. 

The Military Academy. 

Johnston's U. S. 538. Any Ency. 

Go back to its origin and give its history as related to the 
War of 1 81 2, 



folk's administration. 



105 



The Naval Academy. 

The Smithsonian Institution. 

Johnston's U. S. 538. 

g. States admitted. 

Johnston's U. S. 534, 541-3- 

h. Election of 1844. 

Johnston's U. S. 532-3. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 368. Johnston's Pohtics, ' 
137-8, 140. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 140. 

Parties. 
Issues. 
Candidates. 
The result. 

XXI. Polk's administration. 

a. Previous history. 

Johnston's U. S. 535. 

Public services and party. 

b. Political affairs. 

The admission of Texas. 

Johnston's U. S. 541. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 173. 

(Review the entire history of the relation of the United States to Texas and 
Mexico.) 

c. The cause of the Mexican War. 

Grant's Memoirs, I. 47, 53-6. Johnston's U. S. 522-3, 545-7. Bryant's Popu- 
lar Hist. IV. 369-70. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 185-7. Coflin's Building 
the Nation, 314-6. 

d. The condition of the country with relation to war. 

Grant's Memoirs, I. 71-3. 

e. The opening of the war. 

I. Crossing the Rio Grande. 

Johnston's U. S. 547. Grant's Memoirs, I. chap. VI. 



io6 



THE UNITED STATES. 



2. Palo Alto. 

Johnston's U. S. 548. Coffin's Building the Nation, 318 f . Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 369-70. Grant's Memoirs, I. chap. VH. 

3. Resaca de la Palma. 

Johnston's U. S. 549. Coffin's Building the Nation, 321. Br>'ant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 369-70. Grant's Memoirs, I. chap. VH. 

/. Declaration of war. 

Johnston's U. S. 550-1. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 62-4. 

g. Operation on the Pacific coast. 

1. Extent of Mexican territory at the opening of the war. 

Johnston's U. S. 552. 

2. Conquest of California and Northern Mexico. 

Johnston's U. S. 553-5. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 372-3. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 553-62. Cent. Magazine, XL. 775, 792, 794 ; XLI. 917. 

3. Doniphan's march. 
Johnston's U. S. 555. 

4. Territory acquired. 

Johnston's U. S. 556. Coffin's Building the Nation, map, 351. MacCoun's 
Hist. Geog. of U. S. 

//. Operations in Northern Mexico. 

Johnston's U. S. 552-4. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 572-3. 

1. The army, its location and officers. 

2. Monterey. 

Johnston's U. S. 557-8. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 371. Grant's Memoirs, I. 
chap. VIII. ; map, 114. 

3. Buena Vista. 

Johnston's U. S. 559-60. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 374-6 ; map, 374. Grant's 
Memoirs, I. chap. IX. Coffin's Building the Nation, 322-30; map, 322. 
Morris's Half Hours, II. 337+. 

/. Operations in Central Mexico. 
I. Plan. 

Johnston's U. S. 561. 



folk's administration. 



107 



2. Scott : previous history, ability, and character. 

Johnston's U. S. 562; and references, War of 1812. 

3. Vera Cruz. 

Johnston's U. S. 563. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 376. Grant's Memoirs, I. 
chap. IX. 123-8. Coffin's Building the Nation, 332-4. 

4. The march to the city of Mexico ; with map. 

Johnston's U. S. 564-5. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 317. Coffin's Building the 
Nation, map, 335. Grant's Memoirs, I. chaps. X., XI., 140. 

5. Situation of the fortifications around the city of Mexico ; 

with map. 

Johnston's U. S. 566. Coffin's Building the Nation, 337-9 ; map, 339. Grant's 
Memoirs, I. 149-61 ; map, 160. 

6. Conquest of the city of Mexico ; with map. 

Johnston's U. S. 567-70. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 378-84. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 342-50. Grant's Memoirs, I., XI., XII. 

y. The treaty of peace. 

Johnston's U. S. 572-4. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 385. Grant's Memoirs, I. 
170-1, 175. Coffin's Building the Nation, 350. Johnston's Politics, 147. 
Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 184. MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. 

Terms. 

Boundaries of the territory acquired. 
k. The Wilmot Proviso. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 188-9. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 66-8. 
Johnston's U. S. 521-4, 575-6. 

1. The relation of the new territory to the slavery question. 

2. The proviso. 

Johnston's U. S. 577. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 385. Johnston's Politics, 
143-4. 

/. National progress. 

I. The discovery of gold, and emigration to California. 

Johnston's U. S. 580-1. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 387-8. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, 359-62. Cent. Magazine, XLI. 525, 786. 



io8 



THE UNITED STATES. 



2. Discoveries and inventions. 

Johnston's U. S. 529, 536-7. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 314-5. Coffin's Build- 
ing the Nation, chap. XXX. 

Copper. 

The telegraph. 

Johnston's U. S. 527-9. Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 924-'-. Coffin's Building the 
Nation, 432-5. Montgomery's Anier. Hist. 283. 

The screw propeller. 

Johnston's U. S. 526-8. 

The cylinder printing-press. 
The sewing-machine. 
Ether. 

What changes in our manner of life have resulted from these 
inventions? 

3. The Maine Law. 

Johnston's U. S. 597. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. XVIII. 

Compare the Washingtonian ^Movement. 

4. Clearing-houses. 

Johnston's U. S. 602. 

5. Population and general prosperity. 

Johnston's U. S. 595. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 172-5, 188-9. 

6. New states admitted. 

Johnston's U. S. 582. 

Political affairs. 

1. The sub-treasuries. 

Johnston's U. S. 540. Macy's Our Go\^. 146-7. 

2. The tariff. 

Johnston's U. S. 540. Johnston's Politics, 145. 

3. The Department of the Interior organized. 

Johnston's U. S. 530. Andrews' Manual of Const. 316-20. 

Bureaus. Fill out. 



TAYLOR AND FILLMORPZ'S ADMINISTRATION. 



109 



//. The election of 1848. 

Johnston's Politics, 147-8. Johnston's U. S. 579. Stanvvood's Pres. Elec- 
tions, 161. 

1. The parties. 

2. The rise of the Free Soil party. 

Johnston's U. S. 578. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 403. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 184-5. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. XXII. 

Give all previous attempts of the AboUtionists to form a 
party. 

Johnston's U. S. 511, 532. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 324-8. Johnston'. 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 180-2, 185. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. XIX. 

3. The issues. 

4. The candidates and the result. 

XXII. Taylor and Fillmore's Administration. 

a. Difficulties. 

Johnston's U. S. 584-7. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 87-9. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 389-90. Johnston's Politics, 151-2. 

b. The Omnibus Bill, or the Compromise of 1850. 

Johnston's U. S. 588. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 92-3. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 391, 394. Johnston's Politics, 153-4. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 186-7. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. XXVII. 

1. The author. 

Of what compromises had he previously been the author? 

2. The parts of the bill. 

Johnston's U. S. 589. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 395-6. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 142-6, 203, 205, 207. 

Were they all passed in one bill? 

c. The working of the Fugitive Slave Law. 

Johnston's U. S. 591. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 298-9. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 214-21. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 398-401. Coffin's Building 
the Nation, chaps. XXVIII., XXX. Cent. Magazine, XL. 479; refer to 
Uncle Tom's Cabin. * 



no 



THE UNITED STATES. 



The Undergrouni Railroad." 

Cent. Magazine, XXI il. 125. 

d. The election of 1852. 

1. The change of leaders. 

Johnston's U. S. 593. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 196. Blaine's Twenty 
Years of Cong. I. 89. Cent. Magazine, XXX. 479 ; XXXIII. 163, 170. 

The old leaders. 

Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 538; XXIX. 721. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 
91-2. 

Clay. 

Webster. 

Calhoun. 

Polk. 

Taylor. 

J. Q. Adams. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 69-70. 

(Review the services and career of each of these men with reference to the 
party to which he had belonged.) 

The new anti-slavery men. 

Johnston's U. S. 593. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 196. For Sumner, 
see Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 268-307. 

2. The change in parties. 

Johnston's U. S. 594. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 195. 

3. The election. 

Johnston's U. S. 598. Johnston's Politics, 156-7. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 
178. 

Issues. 
Candidates. 
The result. 



XXIII. Pierce's administration. 

a. Previous life and public services 

Johnston's U. S. 600. 



Pierce's administration. 



1 1 1 



Foreign Affairs. 

b. Naturalization. 

1. Who are citizens of the United States? 

Amendment, Const, of U. S. Art. XIV. clause i. 

2. How can an aUen become a citizen of the United States? 

Const, of U. S. Art. VIII. clause 4. Andrews' Manual of Const. 88-9. 

3. Does citizenship give the franchise? 

4. Can all ahens become citizens ? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 90. 

5 . What is expatriation ? 
Andrews' Manual of Const. 90. 

6. What privileges of free-born citizens are not acquired by 

naturahzed citizens? 

Andrews' Manual of Const, 91. 

7. The Koszta case. 

Johnston's U. S. 605. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 199. 

c. The first treaty with Japan. 

Johnston's U. S. 606. 

d. The Ostend circular. 

Johnston's U. S. 608-10. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 269,273-8. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 200. 

e. The Gadsden purchase. 

Johnston's U. S. 574. MacCoun's Hist. Geog. of U. S. 

Review here all acquisitions of territory since the Treaty of 
Paris. 

Internal Affairs. 

f. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill. 

I. The new division of parties. 

Johnston's U. S. 611-13. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 389. 



112 



THE UNITED STATES. 



2. The status of slavery in the United States at this time. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 390-1. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Cu..si. 1C4-5. 

3. What previous legislation on the slavery question had there 

been since the adoption of the Constitution? 

4. What was the difficulty at this time? 

Johnston's U. S. 613. Bryant's Popular Hist. 406. 

5. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act attempt to setde it? 

With what result? 

Johnston's U. S. 614-7. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 405-8. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 228-9, 234. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 197-8. Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. I. 118, 120. 

What was meant by squatter sovereignty "? 
g. The struggle for Kansas. 

1. In Kansas. 

Johnston's U. S. 618-20. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 408-9, 412-3. Greeley's 
Amer. Conflict, I. 235-45. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 200-1. 
Coffin's Building the Nation, 407-13. Cent. Magazine, XXXIII. 869-72; 
XXXIV. 82-92. 

The Colonization Society. 
John Brown in Kansas. 

2. In Congress. 

Johnston's U. S. 621. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 249-51. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 414-5. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 138-40, 142. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 201. Cofiin's Building the Nation, 414. Cent. Maga- 
zine, XXX. 691-702. 

The relation of the President and of Congress to the Kansas 

question. 
The debates. 
The assault on Sumner. 

Johnston's Politics, 165. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 419-21, and above. Cent. 
Magazine, XXXIV. 202-5. 

/i. The election of 1856. 

Johnston's U. S. 623. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 421-4. Blaine's Twenty Years 
of Cong. I. 128-30. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 202-3. Johnston's 
Politics, 166-8. 



Buchanan's administration. 



113 



1. The parties. 

Trace the rise of the RepubUcan party from all the parties 
which helped to form it. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 126-7. Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. loi-iio. 

Notice its first success in 1854. 

Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 192. 

2. The platform of the Republican party. 

Johnston's Politics, 167. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 206. Stanwood's 
Pres. Elections, 205. 

3. The issue. 

4. The candidates, and the result. 

Johnston's U. S. 623. 

5. The attitude of the South. 

Johnston's U. S. 624. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 205. 

XXIV. Buchanan's administration. 

a. The panic of 1857. 

Johnston's U. S. 627. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 425. 

Cause. 

Compare with the panic of 1837. 

b. The Dred Scott case, and its decision. 

Johnston's U. S. 645, 646-7. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 424-5. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 251-8. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 131-4. Johnston's 
U. S. Hist, and Const. 203. 

What was the importance of this decision with reference to the 
extension of slavery ? 

c. John Brown's raid. 

I. John Brown's early life. 

Johnston's U. S. 650. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 429-3^. Morris's Half Hours, 
II. 363. Coffin's Building the Nation, chap. XXX I V\ Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 280-2. 



114 THE UNITED STATES. 

2. John Brown in Kansas. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 413. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 282-8, and previ- 
ous references. 

3. His character and purpose. 

4. Give an account of the raid at Harper's Ferry and its 

result. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 288-99, references above. Cent. Magazine, 
XXVI. 399, 411; XXX. 265; XXXIV. 521-3. 

5. Topic : The influence of John Brown and his raid on the 

country. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 154-7, and above. 

A review of the slavery question. 

1. Slavery in the colonies. 

2. Provisions about slavery in the Constitution. 

3. Slavery in the states previous to 1820. 
Causes of its growth and extension. 

4. Slavery between 1820 and i860. 
Legislation on slavery. 

Efforts for its extension. 
The growth of party feeling. 

5. In what parts of the United States was there slavery in 

i860? 

6. What protection had slave-holders for their property? 

7. What had been the results of slavery in the South. 

Johnston's U. S. 642-4, 651-3. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 336, 347. 

8. Compare the condition of the North with that of the South? 

Johnston's U. S. 632-3, 636-40, 653. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 22-3. 

e. The election of i860. 

Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 214. Johnston's U. S. 654-5. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 433-4. Johnston's Politics, 180-2. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 
299-300, 321-7. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 164-9, 170-1. Coflin's 
Drum-Beat of the Nation, 23-9. Coflin's Building the Nation, chap. XXXV. 
Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 205-6. 



Buchanan's administration. 



1. Parties and party splits. 

2. Issue. 

3. Candidates. 

4. The Lincoln-Douglas debate. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 143-9. Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 664-70, 
672, 674, 877 ; XXXV. 71-2. 

5. The result of the election. 
/. Secession. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 435-6. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 207-10. 
Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 29-31. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. 
I. 217-21, 242, 252-7. Johnston's U. S. 662. Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 
830-6, 844-50. 

1. Tiie origin and growth of the state-rights doctrines. Review 

Jefferson's doctrines, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolu- 
tions, nullification, state sovereignty. 

2. Causes of the secession of i860. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 338, 340-3. Johnston's U. S. 658, 662. 

3. How^ did these states become a part of the Union? 
How did they secede, or try to get out of the Union ? 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 329-30, 333. 

What were the arguments for the right to secede? 

4. Which states seceded before March 4, 1861 ? 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 351. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 207-9, ^.nd 
above. 

5. What did the Buchanan administration do about secession? 

Johnston's U. S. 296. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 437-8. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 355, 369, 371, 396-7. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 222-6, 
239-40, 268-9. Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 289; XXXIV. 836-40, 843. 

g. The Confederate government. 

Johnston's U. S. 656-62. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 440-1. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 414-18. Amer. Ency., under Confederate States. 

I- When organized? 



ii6 



THE UNITED STATES. 



2. Where organized? 

3. What are the main points of difference between the Consti- 

tution adopted by the Confederate States and that of the 
United States? 

4. The leading men in the new government. 

h. Resources and preparation of the Confederate States for war. 

Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 32-42. Johnston's U. S. 663. Montgomery's 
Amer. Hist. 321-2. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 441. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, I. 440-2. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 212. 

1. In general. 

2. Locate the following forts and arsenals: Which ones were 

held by the Confederate States when Lincoln was in- 
augurated ? 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 315. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 286. 

Fort McHenry. 
Harper's Ferry. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 288. 

Fortress Monroe. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 530. 

Norfolk navy-yard. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 474. 

Fort Hatteras. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 599. 

Fort Clark. 
Fort Fisher. 
Fort Sumter. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 441, 445. 

Fort Moultrie. 




Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 604. 



BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTRATION. 



117 



Fort Pulaski. 

Fort Taylor (on Key West Island). 
Fort Pickens, ^ 
Fort Barancas, at Pensacola. 
Fort McRae, J 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 601. 



Fort Morgan, 
Fort Gaines, 
Fort Pike. 



at Mobile. 



Fort Jackson, |^ mouth of the Mississippi. 

Fort St. Phihp, J 
Fort Sabine. 

Arsenals and Armories. — In i860 there were twenty-three 
arsenals and armories, many of which were located either 
within the Confederate States, as at Baton Rouge, Augusta 
(Georgia), Fort Monroe, Little Rock, Charleston (South 
Carolina), San Antonio, etc., or at points easily accessible, 
as at Harper's Ferry and St. Louis. 

Further, before actual secession took place, the members of 
Buchanan's Cabinet took advantage of their position to 
transfer to southern arsenals a large part of the available 
supplies, at such northern depots as Springfield, etc. 

Johnston's Ency., under Arsenals. 

The regular army in i860. 

1 . Organization of the regular army. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 123. 

2. Officers of the regular army. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 123. 

3. Size of the army in i860. 
Condition of the army. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 322. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 637, 
Johnston's U, S, Hist, an^ Const. 214. Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 717, 



ii8 



THE UNITED STATES. 



4. The militia. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 126-7. 

Who constitute the miUtia of the United States? 

5. For what may the miUtia be called out? 
By whom ? 

6. How are men drafted? 
By what authority ? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 122. 

j. The navy in i860. 

Any Ency. 

1 . Size of the navy. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 552. 

2. Location of ships of war and naval supplies. 

Johnston's U. S. 685. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 602-3. 

XXV. Lincoln's administration. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 418-22. Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 277 +. 

a, Lincoln's inauguration. 

Address in Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 422-6, and Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 
278-84. 

b, Lincoln's Cabinet. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 284-5. Johnston's Politics, 306. 

c. The difficulties which the administration had to meet. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 279-81, 289-91. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 214. 

d. The Civil War, t86i. 

I. The fall of Fort Sumter. 

Johnston's U. S. 669. Morris's Half Hours, N. 372. Coffin's Drum-Beat of 
the Nation, 42-7; map, 42. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 443-9; map, 445. 
Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 294-301. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 
442-7. Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 708-16. 

a. Attempts to relieve and defend it. 



LINXOLN'S ADMINISTRATION. 



b. Its surrender. 

Effect at the South ; at the North. 
2. Events immediately consequent upon the surrender of 
Sumter. 

Bjaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 297-301, 314. Johnston's U. S. 670. 
Br}^ant's Popular Hist. IV. 447-50. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 453. 
Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 216-18. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the 
Nation, 48. Johnston's Politics, 188-9. 



a. Special proclamations by 
the President . . . 



I. 
2. 

3- 
4. 



(Student fill out.) 

Johnston's U. S. 670, 673-4, 680. Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 721-901. and 
above. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 602-3. 

b. Which states refused the President's call for volunteers? 

Johnston's U. S. 674. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 210, 216-17. Greeley's 
Amer. Conflict, I. 458-9. 

c. What attitude towards the Confederate States did foreign 

nations take? 

Johnston's U. S. 675, and references on p. 122. 

d. The answer of the North to the President's call. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 454-5. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 49-51, 
and above. 

3. The Baltimore riot. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 447-8. Greeley's Amer. Conflict. I. 462-4, 469-70. 
Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 52-3. Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 908-13. 

4. The Norfolk navy-yard. 

Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 57-60. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 473-6; 
map, 474. Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 918-19. 

5. The first Virginia campaign. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 532 -f. Cent. Magazine, XXX. 113, 606 +; XXVI. 
458. 



I20 



THE UNITED STATES. 



a. Draw a map of the state of Virginia. 

b. Locate all the armies and divisions of armies on each 

side in Virginia. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 451. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 528-30. 

c. On moving an army. 

1 . Space occupied by an army in march. 

2. Baggage wagons and artillery. 

3. Pontoon and other military bridges. 

Any Ency. Cent. Magazine, XXXII. 639. 

4. The hospital corps. 

5. Equipment of a private soldier. 
Weight carried on the march. 

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 107-9. 

6. Telegraphing in battle. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXVUI. 782. 

Note. — It will be necessary to omit c or to give instruction on the points 
mentioned by an informal talk, if books suitable are not accessible. With a little 
care in the selection of references, the Encyclopaedia can be consulted on many of 
the points. The topic is necessarily UTt in great part to the resources of the individual 
teacher. 

d. A map of the battle-field at Bull Run, and a description 

of the nature of the ground. 

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 82-3; XXX. 95, 103, 120. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 
540. Chances of being hit in battle, see Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 93. 

e. The Battle of Bull Run. 

Johnston's U. S. 681. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 451-3. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 539-46. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, chap. V. Cent. 
Magazine, XXIX. 80 +, 107, iii, 317-8 ; XXX. 92, 606. 

1. The commanders. 

2. The plan. 

3. Locations of Generals Patterson and Johnston. 
What was each to attempt to do ? 



Lincoln's administration. 



121 



4. The battle. 

5. The retreat, and the number killed and wounded. 

6. Causes of the defeat. 

7. Effect on the South ; on the North. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 547-52, 553-4. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. 
I. 337-8, 347-8. For reading, Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 107 +, iii + ; XXX. 
106 +. 

Note. — It is best to go into considerable detail in the study of this battle. Let 
the pupil show the positions and movements of troops on his map on the board, 
and thus explain the progress of the battle. This will give him a vivid concep- 
tion of what a battle is, which he will keep through his further study of the war ; 
it will not be necessary for him to take the time to master later battles in detail. 

My own practice is to require the pupil to learn accurately all general campaign 
movements and to represent them on maps drawn from memory by himself. I 
also take great pains to have him understand the object of each movement clearly, 
its relation to the object of the campaign and to the consummation of the war. 
Then, as we come to the great battles, sieges, or naval encounters in our study, I 
assign the one in order for a lesson in this manner : I send the members of the class 
into the library and tell them to read as much as they can from the references 
given, and study the m.aps and pictures; I call for a volunteer to copy on the 
board, out of school hours, a map of the battle-field, or I carry into class a large 
one prepared by myself; the class come together at recitation time with atlases 
in their hands, and I spend the hour in giving, in an informal lecture, the plan of 
battle followed, the movements, results, etc., drawing from the pupils the results of 
their reading, so far as I have time, and answering their questions. 

I crowd into these talks all the information possible on the condition of the 
armies, the government at headquarters and its relations with the commanders in 
the field, money matters, etc. 

If the work is carefully done and closely connected with the pupils' reading, it 
secures an absorbed attention, and the greater part of the information becomes a 
permanent possession of the pupil. I have obtained most surprising and gratifying 
results in this way, results which have stood the test of rigid examinations. 

/. Events consequent upon the Battle of Bull Run. 

1. Change of commanders. 

Johnston's U. S. 682. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 454. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, I. 618-9. 

2. A new call for troops. 

Johnston's Politics, 189. 



122 



THE UNITED STATES. 



6. The Trent affair. 

Johnston's U. S. 687. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 459-61. Greeley's Ainer. 
Conflict, I. 606-8. Cent. Magazine, XXXVI. 408-16. 

Why were the Confederate States so anxious to get am- 
bassadors to Europe? 

7. The war in Missouri. 

Johnston's U. S. 684. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 454-7. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. chap. XXXV.; map, 573. Coflin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 
107-14. 

8. Points gained on the coast. 
Hatteras, Pickens, Port Royal. 

Johnston's U. S. 685. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 599-601. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 450-9. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 601-6. Coflin's Drum-Beat 
of the Nation, 123-7. 

9. Summary of the events of 1861. 

Point out on the map the Hne of defence maintained by the 
Federal armies, east to west, and show at what points, if 
any, it had been advanced during the year. 

With which was the advantage at the close of the year? 

Why? 

e. The Civil War, 1862. 
I. In the West. 

Johnston's U. S. 689. 

a. What was the main object of the campaign in the West? 
Who were the men in command or each side, in the 

West? 

b. Draw a map of the Mississippi River from Cairo to its 

mouth, locating the following points : — 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, H., maps, 46, 55, 62, 88, 297, 305, 332. 

Cairo. 

Fort Henry. 
Fort Donelson. 
Columbus, Ky. 



Lincoln's administration. 



123 



Island No. 10. 
Belmont. 
Fort Pillow. 
Fort Randolph. 
Memphis. 
Vicksburg. 
Port Hudson. 

New Orleans, and the forts protecting it. 

c. Locate the armies in the West. 

Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, map, 129. Johnston's U. S. 689. 

Tell why each was stationed at its particular location, 

and show how these points supported one another. 
What officers were in command? 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV, 514. Grant's Memoirs, I. 284-5. 

d. The capture of Fort Henry. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 516. Grant's Memoirs, I. 287-93. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 45-6; map, 46. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 136-43; 
maps, 139, 144. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423. 

e. The capture of Fort Donelson. 

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 284+, 423+. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 516-17. 

Grant's Memoirs, I. 294-315. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 47-50. Coffin's 

Drum-Beat of the Nation, 144-58. 
(See map of the battle-field.) 

What part in the capture was taken by the flotilla? 

Johnston's U. S. 700. 

Effect of the capture of Fort Donelson. 

Blaine's Twenty Years in Cong. I. 355-6. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423, 738 +, 
754+. 763+- 

/. Movements and changes of position immediately conse- 
quent upon the surrender of Donelson. 

Johnston's U. S. 693. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 518. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 51-4. 



124 



THE UNITED STATES. 



1. Surrender of Nashville. 

2. The evacuation of Columbus. 
Why necessary? 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 54. 

3. The capture of Island No. 10. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, map, 55. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 519. 

The canal. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 54-7; map, 55. 

How was the gauntlet run? 

Coflin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 185-95. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423+. 
441 + ; XXX. 324 +, 776 ; XXXVIIl. 308 +. 

4. The evacuation of Forts Pillow and Randolph. 
Why necessary? 

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423 +. 

5. The fight at Pittsburg Landing. 

Johnson's U . S. 694. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 521-4. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 58-70; map, 62. Morris's Half Hours, II. 407. Cent. Maga- 
zine, XXIX. 593, 614, 628 ; maps, 599, 621. 

(See map of battle-field.) 

Where did Buell's army come from? 
Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 593, 614, 629, 634. 

What was the difficulty about General Lew Wallace's 
division? 

Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 749, 781, 783. 

Who took the place of General A S. Johnston when 
he fell? 

Is it probable that this change of generals affected 
the result of the battle ? 

6. Corinth. (Grant commands department.) 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 222. 

What was the object of the movement on Corinth? 

Johnston's U. S. 695, 698. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 526, 532-4. Greeley's 
Amer. Conflict, II. 71-2, 222-31. Grant's Memoirs, I. 330 -1- ; map, 341. 
Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 749; maps, 757, 767; XXXII. 901. 



LINCOLN*S ADMINISTRATION. 



125 



7. The campaign of 1862 in Tennessee. 
Bragg's raid. 

Johnston's U. S. 696. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 530-1. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 213-17, 221-2. 

Perrysville. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 531-2. Greeley's Anier. Conflict, II. 213, 217-21. 

Who had succeeded Buell in command of the army 
in Tennessee ? 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 270. 

Murfreesboro. 

Johnston's U. S. 697. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 536-7. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 270-80. 

8. Pea Ridge. 

Johnston's U. S. 699. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 542. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 26-31. 

9. Point out the changes made in the hue of defence 

by these movements, and show the advantages of 
the new positions to the Federal armies. 
2. The Monitor and the Merrimac. 

General references given under e. 

a. The condition of the United States navy in 1862. 

b. The equipping of the Mei^riniac. 

c. The building of the Monitor. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 280, 299. Picture of turret, 296. 

d. Map of Hampton Road and the scene of the fight. 

See references below. Also Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 530. Cent. Magazine, 
XXIX. 743. 

<?. The attack of the Merrimac^ the appearance of the 
Monitor, and the fight. 

Johnston's U. S. 701-4. Br3^ant's Popular Hist. IV. 464-5. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, 115-9. Morris's Half Hours, 383. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the 
Nation, 165-72. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 738, 754, 763; map, 743. 



26 



THE UNITED STATES. 



/. The effect of the battle in the North ; in pAirope. 

3. The capture of New Orleans. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 526-30. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 218-25. 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 88-101, 106. 

a. The importance of the city to the Confederate States. 

Johnston's U. S. 706. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 85. Cent. Magazine, 
XXIX. 918,923; maps, 926, 929 ; XXX II. 444-55, 459 +. 

b. Its fortifications and preparations for defence. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 84-7. 

c. The naval expedition sent. 

Johnston's U. S. 707-10. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 81-2. 

d. Map of the Mississippi from New Orleans to its mouth. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 86. Coftin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 219. 

e. Passing the forts. 
/. The surrender. 

g. The city under martial law. 

h. Incidents, etc. 

4. In the East. 

a. The army of the Potomac. 

Johnston's U. S. 713. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 467-8. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, I. 619-20. Cent. Magazine, XXXII. 131; XXXIII. 135; XXXVI. 
393-4- 

Numbers. 
Discipline. 

McClellan's education, character, reputation. 

b. The Confederate army. 

Johnston's U. S. 714. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 477. Cent. Magazine, XXX. 
166. 

Its numbers. 

Its commanders. 

Its position and strongholds. 



Lincoln's administration. 



127 



c. The Peninsula campaign. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 468+. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 109, 127-8, 
142 +, 153+, 156 +. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, chap. XI. Cent. 
Magazine, XXX. 95, 103, 122, 136, 293, 309, 447-615; maps, 113, 451. 

1. What was the object of the campaign? 

2. Map of the lower part of Virginia. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 515 +, XXXII. 131. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the 
Nation, 251. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. in. 

3. The movement on Yorktown. 

Johnston's U. S. 715. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 468-70. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, 120-4. 

What was McClellan's object? 

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 767 +. 

How was it defeated? 

(See the raids of Jackson and Stuart.) 

Johnston's U. S. 715. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 474. 

4. The change of base ; with map. 

Cent. Magazine, XXX. 122 +, 130 +, 447 633. Johnston's U. S. 716-7. 

Object of the change. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 473-5. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 142. 

The seven days' battles. 

Cent. Magazine, XXX. iio-h, 135, 136 +. Johnston's U. S. 718. 

Mechanicsville. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 153. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 481-2. Cent. 
Magazine, XXX. 294, 309. 

Savage's station. 

Cent. Magazine, XXX. 454+. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 159-60. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 483. 

Frazier's Farm. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 162. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 485. Cent. 
Magazine, XXX. 468. 



128 



THE UNITED STATES. 



Malvern Hill. 

Johnston's U. S. 718. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 163-8. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 486-90. Cent. Magazine, XXX. 468 615. 

5. Changes in command following the change of base. 

a. Halleck called to Washington as commander-in- 

chief. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 493. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 72. 

b. Pope given command of the army of Virginia over 

McDowell, Banks, and Fremont (resigned, suc- 
ceeded by General Sigel). 

Johnston's U. S. 719. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 172. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 492. 

d. McClellan's command limited to his own army. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 363-4, 366-8. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 
112. 

e. Pope's campaign. 

Johnston's U. S. 719. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 493-8. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 172-89. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, chap. XII.; maps, 287, 
292. Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 441 +, 467+, 601 + ; XXIX. 107 +. 

1. Object of this campaign. 

What co-operation was necessary to the success of 
this movement? 

2. Position of the armies on each side. 

3. The second battle of Bull Run. 

References above. 

Why was Pope defeated ? 
/. The recall of McClellan's army. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, H. 171-2. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 498. Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. I. 366-8, 448-9, 450-1. Cent. Magazine, XXXII. 

121 -F. 

Why was the army recalled ? 
g. Lee's first invasion of the North. 



Lincoln's administration. 



129 



1. Lee's object. 

Johnston's U. S. 720. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 499. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 193. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 298-302. Cent. Magazine, 
XXXII. 131 +, 137, 285-97, 309, 315, 435, 783, 927; XXXIII. 308; XXX. 280. 

2. His route and movements. 

3. Draw a map of the country between Richmond and 

the southern boundary of Pennsylvania, including 
the Shenandoah Valley. 

Cent. Magazine, XXX. 293; XXXII. 127. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 174. 

4. The battle of Antietam. 

Cent. Magazine, references above. Johnston's U. S. 721. Bryant's Popular 
Hist. IV. 499-504, 505-6. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 196-7, 199-210; 
map, 205. Morris's Half Hours, II. 392. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 
312-33 ; map, 317. 

Show the movements of both armies previous to the 
battle. 

5. The retreat of the armies. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 505-7. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 211-2. 

h. Reasons for the failure of McClellan to meet the ex- 
pectations of the President and Congress as a com- 
mander. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXVI. 395-7. 

/. Reasons for McClellan^s removal. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 507. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 211-2. Cent. 
Magazine, XXXVI. 923-33 ; XXXVII. 550-2. 

y. McClellan's successor. 

Johnston's U. S. 721. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 508. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 342. 

k. The battle of Fredericksburg. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXII. 609 +, 626 +, 637 +, 644 +, 770+ ; XXXIII. 805 +. 

Why was this battle fought when and where it was ? 

Johnston's U. S. 722. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 508-10. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 342-7. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, chap. XVI.; rriap, 
408. 



I30 



THE UNITED STATES. 



/. The admission of West Virginia. 

Johnsston's U. S. 757. Johnston's Politics. 192. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cung. 
I. 458-61. 

5. Review lesson and summary. 

(Draw a map of each series of movements and be ready to recite from it, 
explaining the reasons for each movement, and the changes of points held and of 
frontier line after each.) 

a. The armies in Virginia. 

b. The progress towards opening the Mississippi River. 

c. Movements in Tennessee and Kentucky. 

d. Naval operations. 

e. Foreign affairs. 
/. The Civil War, 1863. 

I. The emancipation of the slaves. 

a. How were runaway slaves treated by army officers ? 

Johnston's U. S. 724. Coffin's Drum-B(^at of the Nation, 364-85. Greeley's 
Amer. Conflict, II. 237-9, 240 +, 243-4. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 
342-3, 375-6, 445. 447- 

b. By what power could the President free the slaves? 

(See "War Powers of the President.") 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 256. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 455-6. 
Johnston's Politics, 192. Johnston's U. S. 726. 

c. The abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia and 

in the territories. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 369. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 370. 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 261-2. 

d. How did the President wish the slaves of Tennessee and 

Kentucky freed ? 

Cent. Magazine, XXXVII. 276-88. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 259-60. 

Why was it not done ? 



Lincoln's administration. 



131 



e. The Emancipation Proclamation. 

Johnston's U. S. 724. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 504 +. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 255. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 230. Blaine's Twenty 
Years of Cong. I. 445-6. Text of, Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 255-6. 
Cent. Magazine, XXX VH. 446-7, 689-99. 

1. When was it written? 

2. When was it issued? 

3. What did it declare? 

4. How was it received in the North? In the South? 
/. How was the Emancipation Proclamation sustained by 

Congress ? 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 267-9. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. L 505-7. 
Const, of the U. S. Amendment, Art. XIII. Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, 
339-44- 

2. Privateers and blockade running. 

Johnston's U. S. 673, 675, 727, 759. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 552-6. 
Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 231. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 472-3, 
482. Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chap. XI. Cent. Magazine, "The 
Alabama," XXXI. 901 +, 911 4-, 923 + ; XXXV. 420, 427, 432. Coffin's 
Drum-Beat of the Nation, 105-6. 

3. Financial. 

a. The cost of the war. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 235. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 
chaps. XVni., XIX. Cent. Magazme, XXXVII. 553-8. 

b. How can a nation go in debt? 

c. Government bonds. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 223. Macy's Our Govt. 157. Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. I. 399, 403-5. 

d. Greenbacks. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 412, 426. Macy's Our Govt. 157. Johnston's 
U. S. 725. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 220. 

e. Depreciation of the currency, 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 222. 



132 



THE UNITED STATES. 



/. Internal revenue. 

Johnston's Politics, 193. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 222. Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. I. 429-30, 433-4. 

g. The direct tax. 

Macy's Our Govt. 77. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 402. 

/i. The United States Bank. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. chap. XXII. 142. Johnston's U. S. Hist, 
and Const. 225. Johnston's Politics, 193. Macy's Our Govt. 156. 

Note. — A little book recently issued, called " Chapters on Banking," by C. E. 
Dunbar, gives the clearest account of the working of the United States bank system, 
suitable for preparatory school classes. 

/. The tariff. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 222. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 275-6. 

For a review and discussion of the various tariff schemes of the United States, 
see Blaine's " Twenty Years of Congress," Vol. I. 178-214. Also Taussig's " His- 
tory of the Present Tariff." The last is the most useful single book on the subject. 

4. Foreign affairs. 

a. The relation of foreign nations to the war. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 565-95. Johnston's U. S. 726. Coffin's 

Marching to Victory, chap. II. Cent. Magazine, XXXVII. 240. 
For Beecher in Liverpool, see Cent. Magazine, XXXVI. 240, 402-8. 

The cotton famine in England. 

Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. VII. 

c. Mexican affairs. 

Johnston's U. S. 758. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 595-600. Coffin's 
Marching to Victory, 28-31. 

5. The Conscription Act. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 487. Johnston's U. S. 755-6. 

The draft, and the draft riots in New York. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 501-7. Cent. Magazine, XXXVJI. 924, 928-30. 



Lincoln's administration. 



133 



6. In the East. 

a. The removal of General Burnside from the command of 

the army of the Potomac. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIII. 106 +. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 351, 352-3. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 519. 

b. His successor. 

c. Chancellorsville. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXII. 745, 761, 777, 782; XXXV. 962. Johnston's U. S. 
729. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 545-50. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 
354-64. Coffin's Marching to Victory, chaps. VI., VIII. 

What mistakes were made in this battle ? 
What general did the Confederate army lose? 

For articles on " Stonewall " Jackson, see Cent. Magazine, XXXII. 285 +, 921 +, 
918 +, 927 + ; XXX. 280 +. 

d. Lee's second invasion of the North ; with map. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIII. 622 + ; XXXI. 936+. Johnston's U. S. 730. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 551. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 367-8, 
373-4. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 494-5. Coffin's Marching to 
Victory, chap, X. 

1. The reason for the invasion. 

2. Lee's route and movements. 

3. What points were threatened by his army? 

4. Movements of the Federal army sent to repel the 

invasion. 

5. Change of the commander of the Federal army. 

Bryant's Popu:ar Hist, IV. 552. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II, 374-5. Cent. 
Magazine, XXXIV. 151. 

6. Gettysburg. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIII.: first day, 112; second day, 278; third day, 451; 
also 133, 296, 464, 472, 803. Johnston's U. S. 732, 733. Greeley's Amer, 
Conflict, II, 377-88, 390, 392-6. Bryant's Popular Hi-t. TV. 552-7. Mor- 
ris's Half Hours, II. 4^7. C of^n's Marc^' ^r to Victory, chaps. XL, XII.. 
XIII. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 496-7. 



134 



THE UNITED STATES. 



Map of the battle-field. 
The battle. 
7. Lee's retreat. 

7. The opening of the Mississippi River. 

a. Review the defences of the river. 

b. What points had already been gained when Grant entered 

on his Vicksburg campaign? 

c. The capture of Vicksburg. 

1. Difficulties. 

Cent. Magazine, XXX. 752; XXXI. 623; XXXIV. 617. Cent. Magazine, 
"A Woman's Diary," XXX. 767. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 557-9, 530, 
538-41. Johnston's U. S. 734-5, 73^-8. Grant's Memoirs, I. 532-70. 
Morris's Half Hours, II. 436+. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 286, 313-6. 
COiTin's Marching to Victory, chap. XIV. 

2. Various plans tried. 

Grant's Memoirs, I. 444-54. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 530, 538-41. John- 
ston's U. S. 736-7. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 288-93, 295-7, 30^- 

3. Map showing the series of movements which ended 

in the siege. 

Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. III.; maps, 54, 55. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II.; maps, 303-9. 

4. The condition of Vicksburg during the siege. 

Grant's Memoirs, 1. 456-72, 473-531. Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. IV. 

5. The surrender. 

6. The surrender of Port Hudson. 

Johnston's U. S. 739. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 11. 331-6. 

d. The effect of the opening of the Mississippi on the Con- 

federate strength. 
Johnston's U. S. 710, 739. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 559. 

8. The war in Tennessee. 
a. Morgan's raid. 

Cent. Magazine, XL. 403 +. Johnston's U. S. 741. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 404-8. Coffin's Marching to Victory, 329-30. 



LINCOLN'S ADMINISTRATION. 



135 



b, Chicamauga. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIII. 937, 962, 964; XXXV. 962. Johnston's U. S. 743. 
Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 561-2. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 408-25; 
map, 416. Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. XX. ; map, 403. 

(f. Chattanooga. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 128, 146, 621, 623; XXXII. 129 +, 465; XXXIV. 
129. Johnston's U. S. 744. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 563, 565. Greeley's 
Amer. Conflict, II. 434-6. Grant's Memoirs, II. chaps. XL.-XLII. Coffin's 
Marching to Victory, chap. XXI. ; map, 426. 

d. The siege of Knoxville. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 563-4. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 431, 445. 
Grant's Memoirs, II. chap. XLV. Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. 
XXIII. 

e. Lookout Mountain. 

Johnston's U. S. 742, 746. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 563-5. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 438-45. Morris's Half Hours, II. 452. Grant's Memoirs, 
II. chap. XLIII. Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. XXII. 

Notice all the sources from which the army at Lookout 
Mountain was gathered, and the officers in command. 
Many of them afterwards became famous. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 432, 434-7. Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. 
XIX. ; map, 389. 

/. Change of line of defence in the west. 

What lines of communication and transportation used 
by the Confederates were broken by these changes ? 
9. The international condition of the Confederacy. 

Johnston's U. S. 753-5. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 223. Coffin's 
Marching to Victory, chap. XVIII. Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, 
i-io. Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 936 + ; XXXVII. 461 +. 

10. The hospitals. 

The work of the sanitary and Christian commissions. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 825 +. Johnston's U. S. 755. Montgomery's Amer. 
Hist. 323. My Story of the War, by Mrs. Livermore. Coffin's Freedom 
Triumphant, chap. X. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 760. 



36 



THE UNITED STATES. 



11. Prisons and prisoners in the South. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIX. 153, 479 ; XL. 447, 606, 931 ; XLI. 100+, 154 +, 705 - . 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 761-2. 

Andersonville. 
Libby Prison. 

12. Review and summary. 

Johnston's U. S. 752. Coffin's Marching to Victory, chap. XXV. 

Make out by campaigns, with maps, and general topics, at 
the close of the history of 1863. 
The Civil War, 1864. 

1. The transfer of General Grant to the command of the army 
of the Potomac. 

Johnston's U. S. 761. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 569-70. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 562-3. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 510-1. Grant's 
Memoirs, II. 114-5. Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, cliap. III. Cent. 
Magazine, XXX. 939, 947. Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 307-61. 

Review : Make a list of all the commanders of the army of 
the Potomac. Why had each change been made? 

2. Plan of campaign for 1864. 

Johnston's U. S. 763. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 570-1. Grant's Memoirs, 
II. 129-32. Coftin's Redeeming the Republic, 76-7. 

a. In the West. 
^. In the East. 

3. In the West. 

a. The Red River expedition. 

Johnston's U. S. 785. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 567. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 537. Coftin's Redeeming the Republic, chap. II. 

fi. Colored soldiers in the army. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 543-4. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 518-20, 527-8. 
Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 777. 

c. The capture of Fort Pillow. 

Johnston's U. S. 788. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 588. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 618-20. Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, 37-43. Cent. Magazine, 
XXXVII. 917-22, 



Lincoln's administration. 137 
d, Sherman's march to the sea. 

On Sherman, see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 51 1-2. Cent. Magazine, 
XXVII. 450. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 627. Grant's Memoirs, II. 161, 
173. 3^o- Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, 243. 

1 . Draw a map of Georgia and South CaroHna. 

2. Division commanders. 

3. The Confederate general opposed. 

4. To Atlanta. 

General References. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 11. 625-40. 

a. Routes of the different divisions. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 579. 

b. The discipline of the army, foraging, and the 

treatment of the country through which the 
army passed. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 703-4. Grant's Memoirs, II. 158-68, 169-76. 
Johnston's U. S. 774-6. Bryant's Popular Hist, IV. 580-1. Coffin's Redeem- 
ing the Republic, chaps. VIIL, IX., XIII., XVI. 

c. Battles. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 585 +, 442 +, 464, 917 ; XXXV. 320, 582, 958, 962. 

d. Movements and plan of the Confederate general. 

Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chap. III. 

5. Change of the commander of the Confederate army. 

6. Hood's Tennessee campaign. 

Johnston's U. S. 776-9. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 583. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 677-89. Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 597+. Coffin's Freedom 
Triumphant, chaps. V., VI., VII. 

a. What was Hood's object in going into Tennessee 

and leaving Sherman's army in his rear? 

b. What general did Sherman send back to defend 

Tennessee ? 

c. Forest's cavalry. 

d. The battle of Nashville. 



138 



THE UNITED STATES. 



e. Was Hood's plan a good one from a military 
point of view ? 

7. From Atlanta to the sea. 

Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chap. IV. Johnston's U. S. 780-2. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 582-5. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 689-96. Grant's 
Memoirs, II. 344-76. Cent. Magazine, XXXI\'. 585+, 442+, 464, 917; 
XXX\\ 320, 582, 958, 962. 

a. The march. 

b. The capture of Fort McAllister by Hazen. 

c. Raids. 

d. Savannah taken. 

Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chap. XIII. and above. 

How long did Sherman's army remain at Savannah ? 
4. In the East. 

a. The position of the armies at the opening of the cam- 

paign. 

Johnston's U. S. 760-1. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 570-1. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 564-5. Grant's Memoirs, II. 123-8. Coffin's Redeeming the 
Republic, 76-7. 

b. Map on which to show all movements between Washing- 

ton and Richmond. 

Johnston's U. S. 764. Grant's Memoirs, 11. 179. 

c. The Battles of the Wilderness. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 753 ^ ; XXXIV. 277 +. Johnston's U. S. 766. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 572-3. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 566-7. Grant's 
Memoirs, II. chap. L. Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, chap. IV. 

d. Spottsylvania Court House. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 277-, 301 Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 574-6. 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 571-3. Grant's Memoirs, II. chap. LII. ; maps, 
209, 219. Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, chap. V. 

e. Cold Harbor. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 277+. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 577. Greeley's 
Amer. Conflict, II. 579-82. Grant's Memoirs, II. chap. LV. ; maps, 261, 
267. Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, chap. VII. 



Lincoln's administration. 



139 



/. The siege of Petersburg. 

Johnston's U. S. 770-1. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 560-1, 593+. Cent. Maga- 
zine, XXXIV. 762+, 764+, 777; XXXV. 323. Grant's Memoirs, II. 294-5, 
307-14. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 584-7; map, 594. Coffin's Redeem- 
ing the Republic, chaps. XII., XIV. Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chaps. 
VIII., IX. ; map, 193. 

g. Early's raid. 

Johnston's U. S. 772. Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, 1-8. Grant's Memoirs, 
II. 304-6. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 593. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 
599-607. Coffin's Redeeming the Republic, 274-86. 

(For a map of the defences around Washington, see Coffin's Redeeming the 
Republic, 284. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 604.) 

h. Sheridan in the Shenandoah, Winchester, etc. 

Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chap. II. Johnston's U. S. 772. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 594-5. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 607-9. Grant's 
Memoirs, II. chap. LVIIL Cent. Magazine, XXVII. 496 +. 

5. The election of 1864. 

Johnston's U. S. 797. Johnston's Politics, 193-4. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 
II. 654-60, 666-8, 672. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. chap. XXIV. 
Cent. Magazine, XXXVIII. 692-70. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 236. 

Was there opposition to the war? 
On what grounds ? 
a. Parties. 
d. Issue. 

c. Candidates. 

d. The result. 

h. The Civil War, 1865. 

1. The condition and resources of the Confederacy. 

Johnston's U. S. 795. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 724-6. Coffin's Redeem- 
ing the Repubhc, chap. XIX. Cent. Magazine, XXXVI. 761 + ; XXXVIII. 
931 +. Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, 350-3. 

2. The closing in. 

a. Position of the armies at the opening of the year. 

Johnston's U. S. 790, 801. 



140 



THE UNiTKD STATES. 



b. Sherman's march through South and North Carohna. 

Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chaps. XII., XIV. and 377-96. Johnston's U. S. 
802-3. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 696-708. Grant's Memoirs, II. 400- 
19. Cent. Magazine, XXXIV. 928 + ; XXXV. 582, 962. 

c. Sheridan's raid. 

Johnston's U. S. 805. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 596. Grant's Memoirs, II. 
437-53. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 727-34. 

d. Five Forks. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXIX. 137 +, and above. Coflin's Freedom Triumphant, 
chap. XIX. 

e. Petersburg. 

Johnston's U. S. 806. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV^ 597. Greeley's Amer. Con- 
flict, II. 735, 739. Grant's Memoirs, II. 454-8. Cent. Magazine, XXXIV.; 
map, 764. 

/. The evacuation of Richmond. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 597. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 736-8. Grant's 
Memoirs, II. 461-9. Cent. Magazine. XXXV. 126 +. Coffin's Freedom 
Triumphant, chap. XX. 

g. The movements of the two armies between Richmond 

and Appomattox Court House ; with map. 

h. The manner and terms of Lee's surrender. 

Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, chap. XXII. Johnston's U. S. 897. Bryant's 
Popular Hist. IV. 598. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 740-5. Morris's 
Half Hours, II. 500 +. Grant's Memoirs, II. 470-98. Cent. Magazine, 
XXXV. 126 + ; XXXIX. 144-5. 

i. The surrender of Johnston's army and of other armies. 

Johnston's U. S. 808. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 599. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 751-4. Grant's Memoirs, II. 513-7. 

Where? 
To whom? 

(Student fill out.) 

Johnston's U. S. 809. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 754. Grant's Memoirs, 
II. 518-22. 



Lincoln's administration. 



141 



y. The capture of Jefferson Davis. 

Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, XXIV. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 599-600. 
Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 754-6. Grant's Memoirs, II. 522-4. Cent. 
Magazine, XXVII. 130 ; XXXIX. 561 +, 586+, 638 +. 

k, I. What was done with Jefferson Davis? 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, IL 756. Cent. Magazine, XXXIIL 636 + ; XXXIX. 
567. 

2. What was done with the other rebel leaders? 

3. What has been the usual punishment for such crimes 

by the law of nations ? 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 242. 

3. The second inauguration of Lincoln. 
Compare with the first. 

For Inaugural Address, see Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 676-7, and Cent. 
Magazine, XXXIX. 135 +. 

4. The assassination of Lincoln. 

Johnston's U. S. 812. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 746-50. Cent. Magazine, 
XXXIX. 432 +, 436 +. Coffin's Freedom Triumphant, XXIII. 

a. The plot. 

b. Its execution. 

c. Capture of the assassin. 

Cent. Magazine, XXVII. 822; XXXIX. 443 +, 957 +. 

d. Burial of Lincoln, and the sorrow of the nation. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 15-7. Cent. Magazine, XXXIX. 439-42, 
and above. 

5. To be written by each pupil : K criticism on Lincoln's 

character ; his relation to the nation's need, his claim to 
permanent fame as one of the great men of history. 

Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 446-8, and previous references; also Cent. 
Magazine, XXXIX. 571-6. 



142 



THE UNITED STATES. 



XXVI. Johnson's administration. 

a. Lincoln's successor ; his previous history, party, and character. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 245. Johnston's U. S. 826. Blaine's Twenty 
Years of Cong. II. 1-14. 

b. The difficulties of his position. 

Johnston's U. S. 834-5. Johnston's Politics, 196-7. 

c. The end of the war. 

1. The removal of restrictions on commerce with the revolted 

states. 

2. The release on parole of all prisoners below the rank of 

colonel. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 758-9. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 558. 

3. General muster and review of the federal armies at Wash- 

ington. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 758. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 18 +. 

4. The disbanding of the army. 

Johnston's U. S. 810, 827. Grant's Memoirs, II. 531-41. Greeley's Amer. 
Conflict, II. 758. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. li. 27-8. 

5. The size of the armies engaged on both sides. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXVIII. 925, note i. Johnston's U. S. 821. Greeley's 
Amer. Conflict, II. 759. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 243. Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. I. 535-6, 556-60. 

6. The pubHc debt. 

Johnston's U. S. 823, 832. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 243. Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. I. 549-52; II. 316-33. 

7. The condition of the South at the close of the war. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 356. 

a. General. 

b. In regard to state and local government, courts, etc. 

Johnston's U. S. 836. 



Johnson's administration. 



143 



8. The results of the war. 

Johnston's U. S. 824. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 359. Johnston's U. S. Hist, 
and Const. 244. 

a. Immediate. 

b. Permanent. 

d. The Thirteenth Amendment. 

Johnston's U. S. 834. Johnston's Pohtics, 194-5. Andrews' Manual of Const. 
252-3. 

Why necessary? 

e. Reconstruction. 

For teachers only, Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. chaps. III.-XIII. 

1. Define what is meant by reconstruction. 
Were the seceded states out of the Union? 

Were they states, or territory belonging to the United 
States ? 

2. The President's plan of reconstruction. 

Johnston s U. S. 837. Johnston's Politics, 197. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 246. 

3. The plan of Congress. 

Johnston's U. S. 043. Johnston's Politics, 198, 200-1. 

4. What was the issue between the President and Congress? 

Johnston's U. S. 839-40. Johnston's Politics, 201. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 247. 

5. What were the Reconstruction Acts. Fill out. 

Johnston's U. S. 844. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 247. Johnston's 
Politics, 202-3. Text of acts is found in Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 
681-90. 

6. The Fourteenth Amendment. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 248. Johnston's U. S. 846. Johnston's 
Politics, 199. Andrews' Manual of Const. 254-60. Blaine's Twenty Years 
of Cong. II. 198-217, 309-14. 

(For the classes which had been excepted from the general amnesty proclama- 
tion of the President, May 29, see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 71-8. Const, 
of the U. S. Am. XIV. Art. III.) 



T44 



THK UNITED STATES. 



7. The readmission of the states. 

Johnston's U. S. 845, 847. 

8. In what ways did Congress attempt to limit the power of 

the President? 

Johnston's U. S. 848-9. Johnston's Politics, 203. 

/ The impeachment trial. 

Johnston's Politics, 205. Johnston's U. S. 851-2. Blaine's Twenty Years of 
Cong. II. chap. XIV. 

1. Review the Constitution for the method by which a Presi- 

dent may be deposed. 

For Articles of Impeachment, see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 690-1. 

2. The charges. 

3. The trial and the verdict. 

Johnston's Politics, 205-6, and above. 

g. Foreign affairs, 
r. Mexico. 

Johnston's U. S. 758, 829. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 249. 

2. The purchase of Alaska. 

Johnston's U. S. 831. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 365. Blaine's Twenty Years 
of Cong. II. 333-40. Cent. Magazine, XXIV. 323; XXX. 738, 819. 

On the resources and value of Alaska to the United States. 

Cent. Magazine, XXXVI. 902. 

3. The Fenians. 

Johnston's U. S. 828. 

4. The Atlantic cable. 

Johnston's U. S. S30. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 364. 

/i. States admitted between i860 and 1868. 

Johnston's U. S. 433. 

/. The election of 1868. 

Johnston's U. S. 852. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 248. Johnston s 
Politics, 207. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 253. 



grant's administration. 



145 



Parties. 
Issue. 

Could all the states choose electors? 

Candidates. 

The result. 

XXVII. Grant's administration. 

a. Grant's character and public services. 

b. Foreign affairs. 

For teachers, Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. chap. XX. Johnston's U. S. 
855. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 249-50. 

1 . The Treaty of Washington, in regard to 

a. The Alabama claims. 

Johriston's U. S. 854, 856. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 493-6, 496-500. 

b. The northwest boundary. 

Johnston's U. S. 857. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 500-2. 

c. The Canadian fisheries. 

Isham's Fishery Question, 56-66. Johnston's U. S. 858. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 250. 

Give the settlement resulting from the arbitration in 
each case. 

2. The Virginius. 
Johnston's U. S. 859-60. 

3. San Domingo. 

Johnston's U. S. 859. 

c. Internal affairs. 

1. Pacific railroads. 

Johnston's U. S. 864-6. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 368. Blaine's Twenty 
Years of Cong. I. 507-9. 

Federal aid to railroads. 

2. Great fires. 

Johnston's U. S. 867. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 369. 



146 



THE UNITED STATES. 



3. General prosperity. 

Johnston's U. S. 861. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 251-3. Eggleston's 
Household U. S. 364-8. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 368. 

4. The attempt to begin a civil service reform. 

Johnston's Politics, 215-6. Andrews' Manual of Const. 172-4. 

5. The Fifteenth Amendment. 

Johnston's U. S. 872. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 249. Johnston's Pol- 
itics, 207, 210-11. Andrews' Manual of Const. 260-1. Blaine's Twenty 
Years of Cong. H. 412-17. Discussion of Amendments XHI., XIV., XV., 
see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 417-21. 

6. The effect of Amendment XV. on state governments in 

the reconstructed states. 

Johnston's U. S. 874-5. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 362. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 258. 

7. The interference of the federal government. 

Johnston's U. S. 876. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 258-9. Discussion of; 
see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. H. chap. XX. 

Results. 
d. The election of 1872. 

Johnston's U. S. 881. Johnston's Politics, 217-9. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 
276. 

Parties. 
Issue. 

Candidates. 
The result. 

XXVm. Grant's second administration. 
a. Internal affairs. 

I. Political scandals. 
The Credit Mobilier. 

Johnston's U. S. 879. Johnston's Politics, 227. 

Star routes. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 256-7. Johnston's Pohtics, 220. 



grant's administration. 147 
The Whiskey Ring. 

Johnston's U. S. Hisr. and Const. 257. 

b. Indian troubles. 

Johnston's U. S. 868. Eggleston's Household U. S. 361-4. 

c. The panic of 1873. 

Johnston's U. S. 862. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 370. Blaine's Twenty Years 
of Cong. II. 561 -. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 253-4. 

Cause. 

Compare with previous panics. 

d. The Centennial Exhibition. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 370. 

What was its value to the United States ? 

e. The election of 1876. 

Macy's Our Govt. 85-6. Johnston's U. S. 883. Johnston's Pohtics, 231-4. 
Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 302. 

1. Parties. 

2. Issue. 

3. Candidat'^s. 

4. The condition of political affairs at the South. 

Johnston's U. S. 873-5. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 25S-9. Johnston's 
Politics, 234-5. 

5. The returning boards. 

Johnston's U. S. 884. Johnston's Politics, 355. 

6. What authority has the right to select a President when no 

candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 155-6. 

7. What authority has a right to select a Vice-President \\hen 

no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes? 

8. In case no choice has been made at the 4th of ]\Iarch, who 

acts as President? 



148 



THE UNITED STATES. 



9. How many times has the election of the President been 
decided by the House of Representatives since 1 789 ? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 157-8. 

10. What was the question to be decided by Congress about 

the election of 1876 ? 

Macy's Our Govt. 85-6. 

11. The Electoral Commission. 

Johnston's U. S. 886-8. Johnston's Politics, 236-7. Blaine's Twenty Years 
of Cong. II. 582-7. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 302 +. 

Why necessary ? 
How appointed? 
Its decision, and the result. 

12. What change in the law about state returns was made after 

this election? 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 159. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 415 +. 

XXIX. Hayes's administration. 

Johnston's U. S. 890. 

Character and public services. 
a. Financial. 

1. Silver legislation. 

Johnston's U. S. 899-901. Johnston's Politics, 239. Johnston's U. S. Hist, 
and Const. 261-2. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. 602-10. 

(For the annual product of gold and silver in the United States, see Blaine's 
Twenty Years of Cong. II. 610-11.) 

2. Resumption of specie payments. 

Johnston's U. S. 902. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 375. Johnston's Politics, 
227. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 563. 

When had the United States ceased to make specie pay- 
ments ? 
Why? 



Hayes's administration. 149 

What are the advantages of a specie basis for the currency ? 
3. Refunding the debt. 

Johnston's U. S. 903. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 262. Blaine's Twenty 
Years of Cong. II. 588. 

b. Internal affairs. 

1. Inventions and improvements. 

Johnston's U. S. 893-4. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 252. Montgom- 
ery's Amer. Hist. 341. Cent. Magazine, XXII. 420. 

The deepening the mouth of the Mississippi. 

2. Indian troubles. 

Johnston's U. S. 895. For Crook in the Indian Country, see Cent. Magazine, 
XLI. 643. 

3. Strikes and labor troubles. 

Johnston's U. S. 896. 

4. National calamities. 
The yellow fever. 

Johnston's U. S. 897. 

Floods. 

Johnston's U. S. ^98. 

5. The final withdrawal of troops from the South. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 373. Johnston's Politics, 238-9. 

6. The restriction of Chinese immigration. 

Johnston's U. S. 904. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 651-6. 

Note. — Since all mention of the Burlingame Treaty is omitted from school 
histories and other books accessible to students in secondary schools, the following 
synopsis of relations between the United States and China is made, from Lalor's 
Encyclopaedia. 

1843. President Tyler sent Caleb Cushing to China as minister 
extraordinary. Cushing negotiated the commercial treaty of 
Wanghia (near Canton). 

1858. A second treaty with China was made. 



50 



THE UNITED STATES. 



862. A United States legation was established at Pekin. 
861-67. Anson Burlingame was United States minister to China. 

867. China appointed Burlingame her special ambassador to 
the treaty powers of the world. 

868. By the Treaty of Washington, sometimes referred to as 
the Burlingame Treaty, from the name of the man who 
negotiated it, China first ofificially accepted the principles of 
international law. Ex-territorial clauses were included in all 
treaties. 

879. The first bill limiting Chinese immigration was passed; it 
was vetoed by President Hayes, on the ground that it 
violated existing treaties. 

A commission was then appointed which went to Pekin and 
negotiated a treaty, giving the United States the power to 
limit, suspend, or regulate, but not to prohibit, the immigra- 
tion of Chinese laborers. 

Students, teachers, merchants, travellers for curiosity, were still 
to be admitted freely. 

The right of laborers and servants already here to come and 
go at pleasure was provided for and all privileges of most 
favored nations " were reserved. 

881. This treaty was ratified by the Senate. 

882. An act providing for its execution was passed. 

888. A treaty was negotiated prohibiting for twenty years the 
immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, but 
providing for the return under certain conditions of any 
laborer who had wife, child, parent, or property to the value 
of ^1000, in the United States. 

. The election of 1880. 

Johnston's U. S. 906. Johnston's Politics, 244-6. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 263. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 345. 

Parties. 
Issue. 



Garfield's administration. 



Candidates. 
The result. 

XXX. Garfield's administration. 

Johnston's U. S. 908. Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 361 +. 

a. Previous life and public services. 

Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 168 -, 299+, 431 +. 

b. The assassination of the President. 

Johnston's U. S. 909-10. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 377. Cent. Magazine, 
XXIII. 299, 431. 

c. Civil Service Reform. 

Macy's Our Govt. 134-8. Johnston's U. S. 920. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 
377. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 264. Andrews' Manual of Const. 
174-6. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 644-51. Fiske's Civil Govt. 
262-4. 

1. Condition of the Civil Service. 

2. The new system. 

d. The tariff of 1883. 

Johnston's U. S. 918. Taussig's Hist, of the Present Tariff. 

Why had the war tariff remained so long unchanged? 

e. The reduction of letter postage. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 378. 

/. East River suspension bridge. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 378. 

g. Floods. 

Johnston's U. S. 915. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 378. 

h. New Orleans Centennial Cotton Exposition. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 379-80. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 254-5, 
381. 

/. The Mormon question. 

I. The origin of the Mormons. 

Johnston's U. S. 507, 608. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 277-9. Cent. Magazine, 
XXIII. 449, 712. 



152 



THE UNITED STATES. 



2. Locations before they went to Utah. 

3. Their pecuhar beUefs and their organization. 

Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 712. 

4. The bill for the suppression of polygamy, in 1862. 

5. The bill of 1882. 

Johnston's U. S. 919. 

j, f'oreign affairs. 

Canals : the Panama. 

Johnston's U. S. 921. 

The Nicaragua. 

Johnston's U. S. 921. Also magazines and current material. 

k. The Yorktown celebration. 

Johnston's U. S. 914. 

/. The prosperity of the country. 

Johnston's U. S. 912-3, 931-43. 

The election of 1884. 

Johnston's U. S. 924. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 375. 

Parties. 
Issue. 

Candidates. 
The result. 

XXXI. Cleveland's administration. 

a, Pubhc position previous to his election. 

b. Labor troubles. 

Johnston's U. S. 925. 

1 . The Knights of Labor. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 384. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 270-1. 

2. The year of strikes. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 385. 



Cleveland's administration. 



153 



3. The anarchists. 

Note. — There are many books easily to be obtained, on Trades-Unions, 
Co-opeiation, etc. 

c. The Charleston earthquake. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 386. 

d. The Statue of Liberty. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 387. 

e. Laws. 

1. About the Presidential succession. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388. Andrews' Manual of Const. 162-3. Stanwood's 
Pres. Elections, 412.. 

2. About the counting of the electoral votes. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388. Andrews' Manual of Const. 159. Stanwood's 
Pres. Elections. 415. 

3. The Interstate Commerce Act. 

Macy's Our Govt. 176, 203. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388. Johnston's U. S. 
Hist, and Const. 267. 

Vol. II., No. 3, Publications of the American Economic Association. Railway 
Tariffs and the Interstate Commerce Law. A monograph reprinted from 
the " Political Science Quarterly." 

4. The Chinese Exclusion Act. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388. 

5. Establishing a Department of Agriculture. 

Andrews' Manual of Const. 320-1. 

/. The election of 1888. 

Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 421. 

Parties. 
Issue. 

Candidates^ 
The result. 



154 



THE UNITED STATES. 



XXXIL Harrison's administration. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 355, note 3. 

a. Previous life and public services. 
The Cabinet. 

Note. — The existing Cabinet at the time of the lesson should always be looked 
up by the class and put into the note-books. Some time may very profitably be 
given, during the session of Congress, to the most important measures before that 
body ; and the attention of the class ought always to be called to important events 
of international interest as they are discussed in the daily papers. 

c. The opening of Oklahoma. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 390. 

From whom was the land obtained? 

d. The Washington Centennial. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 391. 

e. The Johnstown disaster. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 391. 

/. The admission of new states. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 392. 

Note. — Wyoming and Idaho have been admitted since. 

g. The policy of increasing the navy and strengthening the coast 

defences adopted. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 392. See also such books as McPherson's Hand- 
book of Politics. 

(On the decay of the carrying trade, see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. H. 
612-4.) 

h. The adoption of Ballot Laws. 

Macy's Our Govt. 86-7. Cent. Magazine, XXXV'H. 312; XXXVHI. 793; 
XXXIX. 472, 633. Fiske's Civil Govt. 255, 266, 342, 347. 

The progress of the reform. 

(For a full explanation of the Australian ballot, see a little book called " The 
Australian Ballot," by Wigmore.) 



Harrison's administration. 



1888. Several states adopted, in some form, the Australian ballot ; 

since that time the reform has spread rapidly. 
/. The Silver Bill of 1890. 
j. The Pan-American Congress. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 392. 

k. The Reciprocity Treaties. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 392. 

/. The Behring Sea difficulty. 

The bill creating Courts of Appeal between the Circuit Courts 
and the Supreme Court. 
;;. Prohibitory amendments to state constitutions, and local option 
laws. 

Macy's Our Govt. 209. 

0, Minor parties : the Third Party, the Greenback Party, the 
Labor Party. 

Macy's Our Govt. 247-8. 



General Topics on the Period since the Civil War. 
a. Immigration. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 255, 268. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. 
II. 632. Emigration and Immigration, by R. M. Smith. 

Numbers. 
Nationalities. 

Locations in which the immigrants have settled. 

The bill to exclude contract labor. 

The bill to exclude dependent and pauper classes. 

What are the dangers arising from unrestricted immigration ? 

How soon ought foreigners to be allowed to vote and take part 

in our government? 
Under what conditions ? 



156 



THE UNITED STATES. 



b. The development and prosperity of the South since the war. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 380-1. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 254. 

c. Growth of the United States. 

Cent. Magazine, XXIV. 920. See Census. Also Johnston's Pohtics, 297. 

d. Our Indian poHcy. 

Cent. Magazine, XXX. 599 ; XXXVHI. 394, 536, 957. 

1. Existing reservations. 

2. Are the Indians on the reservations citizens? 

3. The Dawes Bill to allot land in severalty to the Indians. 

4. Indian schools ; on the reservations ; Hampton Institute. 

Note. — References for these topics are necessarily left largely to the resources 
of the teacher. They can be made the subjects of informal talks by the teacher, 
where nothing else is possible. For recent legislation, McPherson's Handbook. 

e. The land policy of the United States. 

1. The Homestead Laws. 

Thorpe's Govt. U. S. 135-6. 

The Homestead Act. 
The Pre-emption Act. 
The Timber Culture Act. 
The Desert Land Act. 

2. School lands. 

Thorpe's Govt. U. S. 

3. Canal lands. 

Thorpe's Govt. U. S. 135. 

4. Railroad lands. 

Thorpe's Govt. U. S. 135. 

5. National parks and reservations. 

6. Survey and subdivisions. 

Thorpe's Govt. U. S. 130-4. Macy's Our Govt. 168-73. 



APPENDIX A. 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Unio7i betzveeii the States of 
New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Delaware, Maryland, Virgi?tia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
a7id Georgia. 

Article I. — The style of this Confederacy shall be, "The United 
States of America/' 

Art. II. — Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom, and indepen- 
dence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this 
Confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress 
assembled. 

Art. III. — The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league 
of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security 
of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding them- 
selves to assist each other against all force offered to, or attacks made 
upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, 
or any other pretense whatever. 

Art. IV. — The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship 
and intercourse among the people of the different States in this Union, 
the free inhabitants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and 
fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and 
immunities of free citizens in the several States ; and the people of 
each State shall have free ingress and egress to and from any other 
State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce 
subject to the same duties, impositions, and restrictions as the inhab- 
itants thereof respectively ; provided that such restrictions shall not 
extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any 
State to any other State of which the owner is an inhabitant ; provided 

157 



158 



APPENDIX A. 



also, that no imposition, duties, or restriction shall be laid by any State 
on the property of the United States or either of them. If any person 
guilty of, or charged with, treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor 
in any State shall tiee from justice and be found in any of the United 
States, he shall, upon demand of the governor or executive power of 
the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State 
having jurisdiction of his offense. Full faith and credit shall be given 
in each of these States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of 
the courts and magistrates of every other State. 

Art. V. — For the more convenient management of the general 
interests of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed 
in such manner as the Legislature of each State shall direct, to meet in 
Congress on the lirst Monday in November, in every year with a power 
reserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any 
time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder 
of the year. No State shall be represented in Congress by less than 
two, nor by more than seven members ; and no person shall be capable 
of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years ; 
nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office 
under the United States for which he, or another for his benefit, re- 
ceives any salary, fees, or emolument of any kind. Each State shall 
maintain its own delegates in any meeting of the States and while they 
act as members of the Committee of the States. In determining ques- 
tions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have 
one vote. Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be 
impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress ; and 
the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from 
arrests and imprisonment during the time of their going to and from, 
and attendance on. Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of 
the peace. 

Art. VI. — Xo State, without the consent of the United States, in 
Congi-ess assembled, shall send any embassy to. or receive any embassy 
from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance, or treaty with 
any king, prince, or state : nor shall any person holding any office of 
profit or trust under the United States, or any of them, accept of any 
present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, 
prince, or foreign state : nor shall the United States, in Congress 
assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. 

Xo two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation, or 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 



159 



alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the United 
States, in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for 
which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. 

No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may interfere with 
any stipulations in treaties entered into by the United States, in Con- 
gress assembled, with any king, prince, or state, in pursuance of any 
treaties already proposed by Congress to the courts of France and 
Spain. 

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, 
except such number only as shall be deemed necessary by the United 
States, in Congress assembled, for the defense of such State or its 
trade, nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State in time of 
peace, except such number only as, in the judgment of the United 
States, in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison 
the forts necessary for the defense of such State ; but every State shall 
always keep up a well-regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently 
armed and accoutred, and shall provide and constantly have ready for 
use in public stores a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a proper 
quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage. 

No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the United 
States, in Congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded 
by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being 
formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger 
is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the United States, in 
Congress assembled, can be consulted ; nor shall any State grant com- 
missions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, 
except it be after a declaration of war by the United States, in Congress 
assembled, and then only against the kingdom or state, and the sub- 
jects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such 
regulations as shall be established by the United States, in Congress 
assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates, in which case ves- 
sels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the 
danger shall continue, or until the United States, in Congress assem- 
bled, shall determine otherwise. 

Art. VII. — When land forces are raised by any State for the com- 
mon defense, all officers of or under the rank of Colonel shall be 
appointed by the Legislature of each State respectively by whom such 
forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, 
and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the 
appointment. 



i6o 



APPENDIX A. 



Art. VIII. — All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be 
incurred for the common defense, or general welfare, and allowed by 
the United States, in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a 
common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in pro- 
portion to the value of all land within each State, granted to, or sur- 
veyed for, any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements 
thereon shall be estimated, according to such mode as the United States, 
in Congress assembled, shall, from time to time, direct and appoint. 
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the 
authority and direction of the Legislatures of the several States, within 
the time agreed upon by the United States, in Congress assembled. 

Art. IX. — The United States, in Congress assembled, shall have 
the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and 
war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth Article; of sending 
and receiving ambassadors; entering into treaties and alliances, pro- 
vided that no treaty of commerce shall be made, whereby the legislative 
power of the respective States shall be restrained from imposing such 
imposts and duties on foreigners as their own people are subjected to, 
or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of 
goods or commodities whatever; of establishing rules for deciding, in 
all cases, what captures on land and water shall be legal, and in what 
manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the United 
States shall be divided or appropriated ; of granting letters of marque 
and reprisal in times of peace ; appointing courts for the trial of pira- 
cies and felonies committed on the high seas ; and establishing courts 
for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures ; 
provided that no member of Congress shall be appointed a judge of any 
of the said courts. 

The United States, in Congress assembled, shall also be the last 
resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting, or that 
hereafter may arise between two or more States concerning boundary, 
jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever; which authority shall always 
be exercised in the manner following : Whenever the legislative or 
executive authority, or lawful agent of any State in controversy with 
another, shall present a petition to Congress, stating the matter in 
question, and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by 
order of Congress to the legislative or executive authority of the other 
State in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the par- 
ties by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint, by 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 



l6l 



joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing 
and determining the matter in question; but if they cannot agree, 
Congress shall name three persons out of each of the United States, 
and from the Hst of such persons each party shall alternately strike out 
one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced to 
thirteen ; and from that number not less than seven nor more than nine 
names, as Congress shall direct, shall, in the presence of Congress, be 
drawn out by lot ; and the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or 
any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally 
determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges who 
shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination ; and if either 
party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing 
reasons which Congress shall judge sufficient, or being present, shall 
refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons 
out of each State, and the secretary of Congress shall strike in behalf 
of such party absent or refusing ; and the judgment and sentence of 
the court, to be appointed in the manner before prescribed, shall be 
final and conclusive : and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit 
to the authority of such court, or to appear or defend their claim or 
cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence or 
judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decisive ; the judg- 
ment or sentence and other proceedings being in either case transmitted 
to Congress, and lodged among the acts of Congress for the security of 
the parties concerned ; provided, that every commissioner, before he 
sits in judgment, shall take an oath, to be administered by one of the 
judges of the supreme or superior court of the State where the cause 
shall be tried, *'well and truly to hear and determine the matter in 
question, according to the best of his judgment, without favor, affection, 
or hope of reward."*' Provided, also, that no State shall be deprived 
of territory for the benefit of the United States. 

All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under 
different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions, as they may 
respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, 
the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to 
have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, 
on the petition of either party to the Congress of the United States, 
be finally determined, as near as may be, in the same manner as is 
before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction 
between different States. 



l62 



APPENDIX A. 



The United States, in Congress assembled, shall also have the sole 
and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin 
struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States; 
fixing the standard of weights and measures throughout the United 
States; regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, 
not members of any of the States ; provided that the legislative right 
of any State, within its own limits, be not infringed or violated ; 
establishing and regulating post-offices from one State to another, 
throughout all the United States, and exacting such postage on the 
papers passing through the same as may be requisite to defray the ex- 
penses of the said office ; appointing all officers of the land forces in 
the service of the United States, excepting regimental officers ; appoint- 
ing all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers 
whatever in the service of the United States ; making rules for the 
government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and 
directing their operations. 

The United States, in Congress assembled, shall have authority to 
appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denomi- 
nated "A Committee of the States,^' and to consist of one delegate 
from each State, and to appoint such other committees and civil officers 
as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the United 
States under their direction ; to appoint one of their number to preside ; 
provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president 
more than one year in any term of three years ; to ascertain the neces- 
sary sums of money to be raised for the service of the United States, 
and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public expenses ; 
to borrow money or emit bills on the credit of the United States, trans- 
mitting every half year to the respective States an account of the sums 
of money so borrowed or emitted ; to build and equip a navy ; to agree 
upon the number of land forces, and to make requisitions from each 
State for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants 
in such State, which requisition shall be binding ; and thereupon the 
Legislature of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise 
the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them in a soldier-like manner, 
at the expense of the United States ; and the officers and men so 
clothed, armed, and equipped shall m.arch to the place appointed, and 
within the time agreed on by the United States, in Congress assembled ; 
but if the United States, in Cono^ress assembled, shall, on considera- 
tion of circumstances, judge proper that any State should not raise 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 



163 



men, or should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any 
other State should raise a greater number of men than the quota 
thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, 
and equipped in the same manner as the quota of such State, unless the 
Legislature of such State shall judge that such extra number cannot be 
safely spared out of the same, in which case they shall raise, officer, 
clothe, arm, and equip as many of such extra number as they judge 
can be safely spared, and the officers and men so clothed, armed, and 
equipped shall march to the place appointed, and within the time 
agreed on by the United States, in Congress assembled. 

The United States, in Congress assembled, shall never engage in a 
war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter 
into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value 
thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense 
and welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor 
borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate 
money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war to be built or pur- 
chased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a 
commander-in-chief of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to 
the same, nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning 
from day to day, be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of 
the United States, in Congress assembled. 

The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to 
any time within the year, and to any place within the United States, so 
that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space 
of six months, and shall publish the journal of their proceedings 
monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or 
military operations as in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas 
and nays of the delegates of each State, on any question, shall be 
entered on the journal when it is desired by any delegate ; and the 
delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request, shall be 
furnished with a transcript of the said journal except such parts as are 
above excepted, to lay before the Legislatures of the several States. 

Art. X. — The Committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall 
be authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such of the powders 
of Congress as the United States, in Congress assembled, by the con- 
sent of nine States, shall, from time to time, think expedient to vest 
them with : provided that no power be delegated to the said Committee, 
for the exercise of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice 



164 



APPENDIX A. 



of nine States in the Congress of the United States assembled is 
requisite. 

Art. XI. — Canada, acceding to this Confederation, and joining in 
the measures of the United States shall be admitted into, and entitled 
to all the advantages of this Union ; but no other colony shall be 
admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine 
States. 

Art. XII. — All bills of credit emitted, moneys borrowed, and 
debts contracted by or under the authority of Congress, before the 
assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the present Confedera- 
tion, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United 
States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said United States 
and public faith are hereby solemnly pledged. 

Art. XIII. — Every State shall abide by the determinations of the 
United States, in Congress assembled, on all questions which by this 
Confederation are submitted to them. And the Articles of this Con- 
federation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union 
shall be perpetual ; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be 
made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress 
of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the Legislatures 
of every State. 

And whereas it hath pleased the great Governor of the world to 
incline the hearts of the Legislatures we respectively represent in Con- 
gress to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify, the said Articles of 
Confederation and perpetual Union, know ye, that we, the undersigned 
delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that 
purpose, do, by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respec- 
tive constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every 
of the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union, and all and 
singular the matters and things therein contained. And we do further 
solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective constituents, 
that they shall abide by the determinations of the United States, in 
Congress assembled, on all questions which by the said Confederation 
are submitted to them ; and that the Articles thereof shall be inviolably 
observed by the States we respectively represent, and that the Union 
shall be perpetual. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands 
in Congress. Done at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the 
ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord 1778, and in the third year 
of the Independence of America. 



APPENDIX B. 



THE DEFINITIVE TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN 

AND THE 

THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

I71 the 7iaj?ie of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity . 

It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the hearts of the 
most serene and most potent Prince George the Third, by the grace of 
God, king of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, 
duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, arch treasurer and prince elector of 
the holy Roman empire, etc., and of the United States of America, to 
forget all past misunderstandings and differences, that have unhappily 
interrupted the good correspondence and friendship which they mutu- 
ally wish to restore — and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory 
intercourse between the two countries, upon the ground of reciprocal 
advantages and mutual convenience, as may promote and secure to 
both perpetual peace and harmony — and having for this desirable end 
already laid the foundation of peace and reconciliation, by the provis- 
ional articles signed at Paris, on the 30th November, 1782, by the com- 
missioners empowered on each part, which articles were agreed to be 
inserted in, and to constitute the treaty of peace proposed to be con- 
cluded between the crown of Great Britain and the said U. States, 
but which treaty was not to be concluded until terms of peace should 
be agreed upon between G. Britain and France, and his Britannic 
majesty should be ready to conclude such treaty accordingly — and the 
treaty between Great Britain and France having since been concluded, 
his Britannic majesty and the United States of America, in order to 
carry into full effect the provisional articles above mentioned, that is to 
say, his Britannic majesty on his part, David Hartley, Esq. member of 



APPENDIX B. 



the parliament of Great-Britain ; and the said United States on their 
part, John Adams, Esq. late a commissioner of the United States of 
America, at the court of Versailles, late delegate in Congress from the 
state of Massachusetts, and chief justice of the said state, and mmister 
plenipotentiary of the said United States, to their high mightinesses 
the States General of the United Netherlands ; Benjamin Franklin, 
Esq. late delegate in Congress, from the state of Pennsylvania, presi- 
dent of the convention of the said state, and minister plenipotentiary 
from the U. States of America, at the court of Versailles ; and 
John Jciy, Esq. late president of Congress, chief justice of the state of 
New-York, and minister plenipotentiary from the said United States, 
at the court of Madrid — to be the plenipotentiaries for concluding and 
signing the present definitive treaty ; who, after having reciprocally 
communicated their respective full powers, have agreed upon and con- 
firmed the following articles. 

Article I. — His Britannic majesty acknowledges the said U. 
States, viz. New-Hampshire, Massachusetts-bay, Rhode-Island and 
Providence plantations, Connecticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsyl- 
vania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, 
and Georgia, to be free, sovereign, and independent states; that he 
treats with them as such, and for himself, his heirs and successors, 
relinquishes all claims to the government, propriety, and territorial 
rights of the same, and every part thereof. 

Art. II. — And that all disputes, which might arise in future, on the 
subject ' f the boundaries of the said United States, may be prevented, 
it is hereby agreed and declared, that the following are and shall be 
their boundaries, viz. from the north-west angle of Nova-Scotia, viz. 
that angle which is formed by a line drawn due north from the source 
of St. Croix river to the highlands, along the said highlands, which 
divide those rivers that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, 
from those which fall into the Atlantic ocean, to the north-westermost 
head of Connecticut river ; thence down along the middle of that river 
to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude ; from thence by a line due 
west on said latitude, until it strikes the river Iriquois or Cataraquy ; 
thence along the middle of said river into Lake Ontario ; through the 
middle of said lake until it strikes the communication by water between 
that lake and Lake Erie ; thence along the middle of said communica- 
tion into Lake Erie: through the middle of said lake until it arrives at 
the water communication between that lake and Lake Huron ; thence 



THE TREATY OF 1783. 



167 



along the middle of said water communication into Lake Huron : thence 
thro" the middle of said lake to the water communication between 
that lake and Lake Superior ; thence through Lake Superior northward 
of the isles Royal and Philipeaux to the Long Lake ; thence through 
the middle of said Long Lake and the water communication between it 
and the Lake of the Woods, to the said Lake of the Woods, thence 
through the said lake to the most north-western point thereof, and 
from thence on a due west course to the river Mississipi ; thence by 
a line to be drawn along the middle of said river Mississippi until it 
shall intersect the northernmost part of the thirty-tirst degree of north 
latitude. South, by a line to be drawn due east from the deter- 
mination of the line last mentioned in the latitude of thirty-one degrees 
north of the equator, to the middle of the river Apalachicola, or Cata- 
houche ; thence along the middle thereof to its junction with the Flint 
river; thence strait to the head of St. Mary's river; and thence 
down along the middle of St. Mary's river to the Atlantic ocean. East, 
by a line to be drawn along the middle of the river St. Croix, from its 
mouth in the bay of Fundy, to its source ; and from its source directly 
north to the aforesaid highlands, which divide the rivers that fall into 
the Atlantic ocean, from those which fall into the river St. Lawrence, 
comprehending all islands within twenty leagues of any part of the 
shores of the United States, and lying between lines to be drawn due 
east from the points where the aforesaid boundaries between Nova- 
Scotia on the one part, and East-Florida on the other, shall respec- 
tively touch the bay of Fundy. and the Atlantic ocean, excepting such 
islands as now are, or heretofore have been within the limits of the 
said province of Nova-Scotia. 

Art. in. — It is agreed, that the people of the L^nited States shall 
continue to enjoy, unmolested, the right to take fish of every kind on 
the Great Bank, and on all the other banks of Newfoundland, also in 
the Gulph of St. Lawrence, and all other places in the sea, where the 
inhabitants of both countries used at any time heretofore to fish. And 
also, that the inhabitants of the United States shall have Hberty to take 
fish of every kind on such part of the coast of Newfoundland, as British 
fishermen shall use (but not to dry or cure the same on that island) 
and also on the coasts, bays and creeks of all other of his Britannic 
majesty's dominions in America ; and that the American fishermen 
shall have liberty to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, har- 
bors, and creeks of Nova Scotia, Magdalen islands, and Labrador, so 



APPENDIX B. 



long as the same shall remain unsettled : but so soon as the same or 
either of them shall be settled, it shall not be lawful for the said fisher- 
men to dry or cure fish at such settlement, without a previous agree- 
ment for that purpose, with the inhabitants, proprietors, or possessors 
of the ground. 

Art. IV . — It is agreed, that creditors on either side, shall meet with 
no lawful impediment to the recovery of the full value, in sterling 
money, of all bona fide debts heretofore contracted. 

Art. V. — It is agreed, that the Congress shall earnestly recom- 
mend it to the legislatures of the respective states, to provide for the 
restitution of all estates, rights, and properties, which have been con- 
fiscated, belonging to real British subjects ; and also of the estates, 
rights, and properties of persons resident in districts in the possession 
of his majesty's arms, and who have not borne arms against the said 
U, States ; and that persons of any other description, shall have 
free liberty to go to any part or parts of any of the thirteen United 
States, and therein to remain twelve months unmolested in their en- 
deavors to obtain restitution of such of their estates, rights, and prop- 
erties, as may have been confiscated ; and that Congress shall also 
earnestly recommend to the several states, a re-consideration and re- 
vision of all acts or laws regarding the premises, so as to render the 
said laws or acts perfectly consistent, not only with justice and equity, 
but with that spirit of conciliation, which, on the return of the blessings 
of peace, should universally prevail : and that Congress shall also earn- 
estly recommend to the several states, that the estates, rights, and 
properties of such last mentioned persons shall be restored to them, 
they refunding to any persons, who may be now in possession, the bona 
fide price (where any has been given) which such persons may have 
paid, on purchasing any of the said lands, rights, or properties since 
the confiscation. And it is agreed, that all persons, who have any 
interest in confiscated lands, either by debts, marriage settlements, or 
otherwise, shall meet wdth no lawful impediment in the prosecution of 
their just rights. 

Art. VI, — That there shall be no further confiscations made, nor 
any prosecutions commenced against any person or persons for, or by 
reason of the part which he or they may have taken in the present war : 
and that no person shall, on that account, suifer any future loss or 
damage, either in his person, liberty, or property; and that those, who 
may be in confinement on such charges, at the time of the ratification 



THE TREATY OF 1783. 



169 



of the treaty in America, shall be immediately set at liberty, and the 
prosecution so commenced, be discontinued. 

Art. VII. — There shall be a firm and perpetual peace between his 
Britannic majesty and the said states, and between the subjects of the 
one, and the citizens of the other ; wherefore, all hostilities, both by 
sea and land, shall from henceforth cease ; all prisoners, on both sides, 
shall be set at liberty ; and his Britannic majesty shall, with all con- 
venient speed, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away 
any negroes, or other property of the American inhabitants, withdraw 
all his armies, garrisons, and fleets from the United States, and from 
every post, place, and harbour within the same, leaving in all fortifica- 
tions the American artillery that may be therein ; and shall also order 
and cause all archives, records, deeds, and papers belonging to any of 
the said states, or their citizens, which in the course of the war may 
have fallen into the hands of his officers, to be forthwith restored, and 
delivered to the proper states and persons to whom they belong. 

Art. VIII. — The navigation of the river Mississippi, from its 
source to the ocean, shall forever remain free and open to the subjects 
of Great-Britain, and the citizens of the United States. 

Art. IX. — In case it should happen, that any place or territory be- 
longing to Great Britain, or to the United States, should have been 
conquered by the arms of either from the other, before the arrival of 
the said provisional articles in America, it is agreed, that the same 
shall be restored without difficulty, and without requiring any com- 
pensation. 

Art. X. — The solemn ratifications of the present treaty, expedited 
in good due form, shall be exchanged between the contracting parties 
in the space of six months, or sooner, if possible, to be computed from 
the day of the signature of the present treaty. In witness whereof, 
we the undersigned, their ministers plenipotentiary, have, in their 
name, and in virtue of our full powers, signed with our hands, the pres- 
ent definitive treaty, and caused the seals of our arms to be affixed 
thereto. 

Done at Paris, this third day of September, a.d. 1783. 



David Hartley. 
John Adams. 
B. Franklin. 
John Jay. 



[L. S.] 
[L. S.] 
[L. S.] 
[L. S.] 



APPENDIX C. 



Extract from the Conveiitioji with Great Britain. Concluded October 
20, 1818; Ratification exchanged January 30, 18 19, being such part 
of said Conventio7i as pertains to the Fishery Question. 

The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, desirous to cement the 
good understanding which happily subsists between them, have, for 
that purpose, named their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say : 
The President of the United States, on his part, has appointed Albert 
Gallatin, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
the Court of France, and Richard Rush, their Envoy Extraordinary 
and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of his Britannic Majesty; 
and His Majesty has appointed the Right Honorable Frederick John 
Robinson, Treasurer of His Majesty's Navy and President of the Com- 
mittee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations, and Henry Goul- 
burn, Esq., one of His Majesty's Under Secretaries of State ; who, after 
Tiaving exchanged their respective full powers, found to be in due and 
proper form, have agreed to and concluded the following articles : 

ARTICLE I. 

Whereas differences have arisen respecting the liberty claimed by 
the United States, for the inhabitants thereof, to take, dry, and cure 
fish on certain coasts, bays, harbors, and creeks of His Britannic 
Majesty's dominions in America, it is agreed between the high contract- 
ing parties that the inhabitants of the said United States shall have 
forever, in common with the subjects of His Britannic Majesty, the 
liberty to take fish of every kind on that part of the southern coast 
of Newfoundland which extends from Cape Ray to the Ramean 
Islands, on the western and northern coast of Newfoundland ; from the 
said Cape Ray to the Quispon Islands, on the shores of the INIagdalen 
X70 



THE FISHERY QUESTION. 



171 



Islands, and also on the coasts, bays, harbours and creeks, from Mount 
Joly, on the southern coast of Labrador, to and through the Streights 
of Belieisle, and thence northwardly indefinitely along the coast, 
without prejudice, however, to any of the exclusive rights of the Hud- 
son Bay Company. And that the American fishermen shall also have 
liberty forever to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, har- 
bours, and creeks of the southern part of the coast of Newfoundland, 
heretofore described, and of the coast of Labrador ; but so soon as the 
same, or any portion thereof, shall be settled, it shall not be lawful for 
the said fishermen to dry or cure fish at such portion so settled without 
previous agreement for such purpose with the inhabitants, proprietors, 
or possessors of the ground. And the United States hereby renounce 
forever any liberty heretofore enjoyed or claimed by the inhabitants 
thereof to take, dry, or cure fish on or within three marine miles of any 
of the coasts, bays, creeks, or harbours of His Majesty's dominions in 
America not included within the abovementioned limits : Provided, 
however, that the American fishermen shall be admitted to enter such 
bays or harbours for the purpose of shelter and of repairing damages 
therein, of purchasing wood, and of obtaining water, and for no other 
purpose whatever. But they shall be under ^uch restrictions as may be 
necessary to prevent their taking, drying, or curing fish therein, or in 
any other manner whatever abusing the privileges hereby reserved to 
them. 



APPENDIX D. 



LINCOLN'S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 
March 4, 1861. 

Fellow-Citizei^^s of the United States : 

In compliance with a custom as old as the government itself, I appear 
before you to address you briefly, and to take, in your presence, the 
oath prescribed by the Constitution of the United States to be taken 
by the President before he enters on the execution of his office. 

I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me to discuss those 
matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or 
excitement. Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the 
southern states, that, by the accession of a republican administration, 
their property and their peace and personal security are to be endan- 
gered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehen- 
sion. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has ail the 
while existed and been open to their inspection. It is found in nearly 
all the published speeches of him who now addresses you. I do but 
quote from one of those speeches, when I declare that I have no pur- 
pose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery 
in the states where it exists." I believe I have no lawful right to do so ; 
and I have no inclination to do so. Those who nominated and elected 
me did so with the full knowledge that I had made this, and made 
many similar declarations, and had never recanted them. And, more 
than this, they placed in the platform, for my acceptance, and as a law 
to themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolution which I now 
read : 

" Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the states, 
and especially the right of each state to order and control its own 
domestic institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is 
172 



LIN'COLX'S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 



essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and endur- 
ance of our political fabric depend ; and we denounce the lawless 
invasion by armed force of the soil of any state or territory, no matter 
under what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes." 

I now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so I only press upon 
the public attention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is 
susceptible, that the property, peace, and security of no section are to 
be in anywise endangered by the now incoming administration. 

I add, too, that all the protection which, consistently with the Con- 
stitution and the laws, can be given, will be cheerfully given to all the 
states when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully to one 
section as to another. 

There is nmch controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from 
service or labor. The clause I now read is as plainly written in the 
Constitution as any other of its provisions : 

" No person held to service or labor in one state under the laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or 
regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall 
be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may 
be due.'' 

It is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those 
who made it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves ; and the 
intention of the law-giver is the law. 

All members of Congress sw^r their support to the whole Constitu- 
tion — to this provision as well as any other. To the proposition, then, 
that slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause " shall be 
delivered up," their oaths are unanimous. Now, if they would make 
the effort in good temper, could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, 
frame and pass a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous 
oath ? 

There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be 
enforced by national or by state authority : but surely that difference is 
not a very material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of 
but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is done ; 
and should any one. in any case, be content that this oath shall go 
unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be 
kept? 

Again, in any law upon this subject, ous^ht not all the safeguards of 
liberty known in civilized and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, 



174 



APPENDIX D. 



so that a free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a slave? And 
might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforce- 
ment of that clause in the Constitution which guarantees that " the 
citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and im- 
munities of citizens in the several states ? " 

I take the official oath to-day with no mental reservations, and with 
no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypercritical 
rules ; and while I do not choose now to specify particular acts of Con- 
gress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer 
for all, both in official and private stations, to conform to and abide by 
all those acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of them, 
trusting to find impunity in having them held to be unconstitutional. 

It is seventy-two years since the first inauguration of a President 
under our National Constitution. During that period, fifteen different 
and very distinguished citizens have in succession administered the 
executive branch of the government. They have conducted it through 
many perils, and generally with great success. Yet, with all this scope 
for precedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief constitu- 
tional term of four years, under great and peculiar difficulties. 

A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now 
formidably attempted. I hold that in the contemplation of universal 
law and of the Constitution, the union of these states is perpetual. 
Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all 
national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper 
ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Con- 
tinue to execute all the express provisions of our National Constitution, 
and the Union will endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it 
except by some action not provided for in the instrument itself. 

Again, if the United States be not a government proper, but an 
association of states in the nature of a contract merely, can it, as a con- 
tract, be peaceably unmade by less than all the parties who made it? 
One party to a contract may violate it — break it, so to speak ; but does 
it not require all to lawfully rescind it? Descending from these general 
principles, we find the proposition that in legal contemplation the 
Union is perpetual confirmed by the history of the Union itself. 

The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in 
fact, by the Articles of Association in 1774. It w'as matured and con- 
tinued in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was further 
matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen states expressly plighted 



Lincoln's first inaugural address. 



175 



and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of the Con- 
federation, in 1778 ; and finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for 
ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to form a more perfect 
Union. But if the destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of 
the states be lawfully possible, the Union is less perfect than before, the 
Constitution having lost the vital element of perpetuity. 

It follows from these views that no state, upon its own mere motion, 
can law^fully get out of the Union ; that resolves and ordinances to that 
effect are legally void ; and that acts of violence within any state or 
states against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or 
revolutionary, according to circumstances. 

I therefore consider that, in view of the Constitution and the laws, the 
Union is unbroken, and, to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, 
as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the 
Union shall be faithfully executed in all the states. Doing this, which 
I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform 
it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters, the American 
people, shall withhold the requisition, or in some authoritative manner 
direct the contrary. 

I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared 
purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain 
itself. 

In doing this there need be no bloodshed or violence, and there shall 
be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. 

The power confided to me will be 7ised to hold, occupy, and possess 
the property and places belonging to the government, and collect the 
duties and imposts ; but beyond what may be necessary for these 
objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among 
the people anywhere. 

Where hostility to the United States shall be so great and so universal 
as to prevent competent resident citizens from holding federal offices, 
there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers among the people 
that object. While strict legal right may exist of the government to 
enforce the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so would be so 
irritating, and so nearly impracticable withal, that I deem it best to 
forego, for the time, the uses of such offices. 

The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts 
of the Union. 

So far as possible, the people everywhere shall have that sense of 



1/6 



APPENDIX D. 



perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and reflec- 
tion. 

The course here indicated will be followed, unless current events and 
experience shall show a modification or change to be proper ; and in 
every case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised according 
to the circumstances actually existing, and with a view and hope of a 
peaceful solution of the national troubles, and the restoration of fraternal 
sympathies and affections. 

That there are persons in one section or another, who seek to destroy 
the Union at all events, and are glad of any pretext to do it, I will 
neither affirm nor deny. But if there be such, I need address no word to 
them. 

To those, however, who really love the Union, may I not speak, 
before entering upon so grave a matter as the destruction of our national 
fabric, with all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes? Would it not 
be well to ascertain why we do it? Will you hazard so desperate a 
step, while any portion of the ills you fly from have no real existence? 
Will you, while the certain ills you fly to are greater than all the real 
ones you fly from? Will you risk the commission of so fearful a mis- 
take? All profess to be content in the Union if all constitutional rights 
can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, plainly written in 
the Constitution, has been denied? I think not. Happily the human 
mind is so constituted that no party can reach to the audacity of doing 
this. 

Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a plainly-written 
provision of the Constitution has ever been denied. If, by the mere 
force of numbers, a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly- 
written constitutional right, it might, in a moral point of view, justify 
revolution ; it certainly would if such right were a vital one. But such 
is not our case. 

All the vital rights of minorities and of individuals are so plainly 
assured to them by affirmations and negations, guarantees and prohi- 
bitions in the Constitution, that controversies never arise concerning 
them. But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision spe- 
cifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical 
administration. No foresight can anticipate, nor any document of 
reasonable length contain, express provisions for all possible questions. 
Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered by national or by state 
authorities? The Constitution does not expressly sa.y. Must Con- 



Lincoln's first inaugural address. 



177 



gress protect slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not 
expressly say. From questions of this class spring all our constitu- 
tional controversies, and we divide upon them into majorities and 
minorities. 

If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must, or the Govern- 
ment must cease. There is no alternative for continuing the Govern- 
ment but acquiescence on the one side or the other. If a minority in 
such a case will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent 
which, in turn, will ruin and divide them, for a minority of their own 
will secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be controlled by 
such a minority. For instance, why not any portion of a new Confed- 
eracy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as por- 
tions of the present Union now claim to secede from it? All who 
cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact 
temper of doing this. Is there such perfect identity of interests among 
the states to compose a new Union as to produce harmony only, and 
prevent renewed secession? Plainly, the central idea of secession is 
the essence of anarchy. 

A majority held in restraint by constitutional check and limitation, 
and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions 
and sentiments, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever 
rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy or to despotism. Unanim- 
ity is impossible ; the rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangement, 
is wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority principle, 
anarchy or despotism, in some form, is all that is left. 

I do not forget the position assumed by some that constitutional 
questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that 
such decisions must be binding in any case upon the parties to a suit, 
as to the object of that suit, while they are also entitled to a very high 
respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other departments 
of the Government ; and while it is obviously possible that such decis- 
ion may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil eifect following 
it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance that it may be 
overruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be 
borne than could the evils of a different practice. 

At the same time the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of 
the Government upon the vital question affecting the whole people is 
to be irrevocably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, the 
instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation between parties in per- 



178 



APPENDIX D. 



sonal actions, the people will have ceased to be their own masters, 
unless having to that extent practically resigned their Government into 
the hands of that eminent tribunal. 

Nor is there in this view any assault upon the Court or the Judges. 
It is a duty from which they may not shrink, to decide cases properly 
brought before them : and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn 
their decisions to political purposes. One section of our country be- 
lieves slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes 
it is wrong and ought not to be extended : and this is the only substan- 
tial dispute: and the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution, and the 
law for the suppression of the foreign slave-trade are each as well 
enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a community where the 
moral sense of the people imperfectly supports the law itself. The 
great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, 
and a few break over in each. This, I think, cannot be perfectly cured, 
and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections 
than before. The foreign slave-trade, now imperfectly suppressed, 
would be ultimately revived, without restriction, in one section ; while 
fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surren- 
dered at all by the other. 

Physically speaking, we canmot separate : we cannot remove our 
respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall be- 
tween them. A husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of the 
presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of 
our country cannot do this. They cannot but remain face to face ; and 
intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. 
Is it possible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or 
more satisfactory after separation than before ? Can aliens make trea- 
ties easier than friends can make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully 
enforced between aliens than laws can among friends? Suppose you 
go to war. you cannot light always : and when, after much loss on both 
sides and no gain on either, you cease lighting, the identical questions 
as to terms of intercourse are again upon you. 

This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit 
it. Whenever they shall grow^ weary of the existing government, they 
can exercise their constitutional right of amending, or their revolution- 
ary right to dismember or overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of the 
fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the 
National Constitution amended. While I make no recommendation of 



Lincoln's fif^st inaugural address. 



179 



amendment, 1 fully recognize the full authority of the people over the 
whole subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in 
the instrument itself, and I should, under existing circumstances, favor, 
rather than oppose, a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act 
upon it. 

I will venture to add that to me the convention mode seems prefer- 
able, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people them- 
selves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions 
originated by others not especially chosen for the purpose, and which 
might not be precisely such as they would wish either to accept or 
refuse. I understand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution 
(which amendment, however, I have not seen) has passed Congress, 
to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the 
domestic institutions of states, including that of persons held to ser- 
vice. To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from my 
purpose not to speak of particular amendments, so far as to say that, 
holding such a provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have 
no objection to its being made express and irrevocable. 

The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and 
they have conferred none upon him to fix the terms for the separation 
of the states. The people themselves, also, can do this if they choose, 
but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do with it. His duty is 
to administer the present government as it came to his hands, and to 
transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should there not 
be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people? Is there 
any better or equal hope in the world? In our present diflferences is 
either party without faith of being in the right? If the Almighty Ruler 
of nations, with his eternal truth and justice, be on your side of the 
North, or on yours of the South, that truth and that justice will surely 
prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal, the American people. 
By the frame of the Government under which we live, this same people 
have wisely given their public sen-ants but little power for mischief, 
and have with equal wisdom provided for the return of that little to 
their own hands at very short intervals. While the people retain their 
virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any extreme wickedness or 
folly, can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of 
four years. 

^ly countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well upon this whole 
subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time. 



i8o 



APPENDIX D. 



If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot haste, to a step 
which you would never take deliberately, that object will be frustrated 
by taking time ; but no good object can be frustrated by it. 

Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution 
unimpaired, and on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing 
under it; while the new administration will have no immediate power, 
if it would, to change either. 

If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side 
in the dispute, there is still no single reason for precipitate action. 
Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who 
has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, 
in the best way, all our present difficulties. 

In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, 
is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail 
you. 

You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. 
You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, 
while I shall have the most solemn one to "preserve, protect, and 
defend it. 

I am loth to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not 
be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break, 
our bonds of affection. 

The mystic cords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and 
patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad 
land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as 
surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. 



APPENDIX E. 



LINCOLN'S SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 

March 4, 1865. • 

Fellow-Countrvmex : At this second appearing to take the oath of 
the Presidential office, there is less occasion for an extended address 
than there was at the first. Then a statement somewhat in detail of a 
course tc be pursued seemed very fitting and proper. Now, at the 
expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been 
constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest 
which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the 
nation, little that is new could be presented. 

The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as 
well known to the public as to myself; and it is, I trust, reasonably 
satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no 
prediction in regard to it is ventured. 

On the occasion corresponding to this, four years ago, all thoughts 
were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it ; all 
sought to avoid it. While the inaugural address was being delivered 
from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union wdthout war, 
insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war — 
seeking to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by negotiation. 
Both parties deprecated war ; but one of them would make war rather 
than let the nation survive, and the other would accept w^ar rather than 
let it perish ; and the war came. 

One eighth of the w^hole population v/ere colored slaves, not distrib- 
uted generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it. 
These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew 
that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, 
perpetuate, and extend this interest, was the object for which the in- 
surgents w^ould rend the Union even by war, while the Government 

x8i 



l82 



APPENDIX E. 



claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement 
of it. 

Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration 
which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of 
the conflict might cease with, or even before, the conflict itself should 
cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamen- 
tal and astounding. 

Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each in- 
vokes his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men 
should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wTinging their bread from 
the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not, that we be net 
judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither 
has been answered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. 
"Woe unto the world because of offenses, for it must needs be that 
off"enses come ; but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh.'"* If 
we shall suppose that American slavery is one of these offenses, which 
in the providence of God must needs come, but which, having con- 
tinued through his appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he 
gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those 
by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from 
those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always 
ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do w^e pray, that this 
mighty scourge of war may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it 
continue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and 
flfty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood 
drawn with the lash shall be paid with another drawn with the sword ; 
as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, The 
judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.*" 

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the 
right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the 
work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who 
shall have borne the battle and for his widow and orphans, to do all 
which may achieve and cherish a just and a lasting peace among our- 
selves and with all nations. 



APPENDIX F. 



LINCOLN'S SPEECH AT THE DEDICATION OF THE 
NATIONAL CEMETERY AT GETTYSBURG. 

Novojiber 15, 1863. 

Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this 
continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the prop- 
osition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great 
civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and 
so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of 
that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final 
resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might 
live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But 
in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot 
hallow this ground. The brave men living and dead, who struggled 
here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The 
world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here ; but it can 
never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be 
dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have 
thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to 
the great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead we 
take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full 
measure of devotion ; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall 
not have died in vain ; that this nation, under God, shall have a new 
birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, 
and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 



183 



APPENDIX 



G. 



NOTES ON THE RESOURCES OF THE COLONIES 
DURING THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 

In the following notes no attempt at systematic arrangement or 
completeness has been made. They are put together simply to give the 
young student some idea of the various ways in which manufactured 
goods and the material of war were obtained during the period when 
England was attempting to isolate the American States from all foreign 
trade. For more than one hundred years she had striven to limit to a 
minimum domestic manufactures in the colonies, and to keep them 
dependent upon herself for supplies ; hence, at the opening of the war, 
they were illy fitted to supply themselves with necessaries. 

The chief authorities for these notes are Winsor's *' Narrative and 
Critical History of America,'' and Hildreth's " History of the United 
States.'' 

1774. Forty-four cannon were removed from the batteries at Newport, 
R. L, and one hundred pounds of powder, some cannon, and small- 
arms from the fort at Portsmouth, N. H., in anticipation of future 
need. 

1775. Two hundred pieces of artillery and some store of powder were 
taken at the surrender of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. 

A powder magazine in Georgia was despoiled. 

A powder ship was seized at the mouth of the Savannah River. 

Abraham Whipple brought from the Bermudas all the powder in 
store there. This powder was one of Washington's first supplies 
after he took command at Cambridge, w^iere he found the army so 
destitute of ammunition that the officers had filled many of the 
powder barrels in the magazine with sand in order to conceal its 
poverty from the army itself. 
. 184 



NOTES ON THE RESOURCES OF THE COLONIES. 



In September of this year Congress appointed a secret committee to 
import powder and lead from the West Indies, and the Non- 
Importation Agreement was suspended for ships bringing in war 
supplies. 

A store of ammunition was obtained when Fort Chambly was taken. 
Woollens found in Montreal in November clothed the American 
troops. 

776. Esek Hopkins captured in the Bahamas cannon and miUtary 
stores, except powder. 

The king's leaden statue in New York City was melted into bullets. 
Powder mills were established near Philadelphia, and national 

foundries and laboratories for the manufacture of arms were set up 

at Carlisle, Pa., and at Springlield, Mass. 
Paul Jones captured the Mellish^ late in the year, loaded with supplies 

for Burgoyne's army. Among other things were ten thousand 

suits of uniform. 

Two hundred pieces of artillery, small-arms, four thousand tents, 
clothing for thirty thousand men, were obtained by way of the 
West Indies, from France, through the agency of Beaumarchais. 
Spain, soon after, furnished, in the same indirect way, a like sum 
for the purchase of supplies. 

Somewhere about three hundred and fifty English vessels, worth, with 
their cargoes, 5^^5,000,000, were captured in the first year of the war. 

Trade sprang up with France, Spain, and Holland, by way of the 
West Indies, and some trade was surreptitiously carried on even 
with the British West Indies, by way of the Dutch port, St. 
Eustatius. 

777. American agents in France received a quarterly allowance and 
loan, which was applied to the purchase of arms. Two ships loaded 
with them were captured by the English ; a third reached the 
colonies. 

Arms and ammunition were obtained from New Orleans, with the 

countenance of the Spanish government. 
One thousand stand of arms, one thousand swords, and four pieces 

of artillery were captured at Bennington, Vt. 
St. Leger's stores and baggage were captured at Fort Stanwix, N.Y., 

and artillery, arms, ammunition, and camp equipage for five 

thousand prisoners were taken at Saratoga. 



APPENDIX G. 



1778. Most of the provision ships intended for Chnton were brought 
into Boston, and D'Estaing sailed for the West Indies fitted out 
with such provisions. 
By a new contract with Beaumarchais, made after the treaties with 
France were signed, a supply of clothing was received, and a loan 
from the French court of about ^^500, 000 was obtained, and applied 
to the purchase of arms and stores, the equipment of cruisers, 
and the payment of interest. Other heavy loans were obtained 
from France, and also from Spain and Holland at intervals. 

1779-80. The French at Newport, R. I., bought with specie, and the 
gold thus put into circulation afforded great financial relief to the 
New England States. New York also obtained specie by means of 
trade with Canada, and from purchases made by the English during 
the last year of their occupation of New York City. 

1 78 1. Rochambeau loaned $20,000 to Morris to enable him to make a 
small specie payment to the New England troops, on their way 
south under Lincoln. 

La Fayette used a considerable sum of money for the American 
cause during the war. 

Captures of English supply ships and merchantmen continued to be 
frequent; as, for instance, in 1779, Hopkins captured eight out of 
ten transports sent to Georgia by Clinton, and Whipple captured 
eight English merchantmen bound for England. 



APPENDIX H. 



Short Title. 
Andrews' Manual of Const. 



Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. 

Bryant's Popular Hist. 

Bancroft's U. S. 

Bolton's Famous Amer. States- 
men. 
Cent. Magazine. 
Coffin's Old Times in Col. 

Coffin's Story of Tib. 

Coffin's Boys of '76. 



Doyle's Eng. Col. 



Full Title, Publisher, and Edition. 
Andrews' Manual of the Constitution. Van 

Antwerp, Bragg & Co. 18S7. 
Andrew Jackson, Statesmen Series. Hough- 
ton, Mifflin & Co. 
Benjamin Franklin, Men of Tetter Series. 

Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1887. 
Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography of. 
Blaine's Twenty Years of Congress. The 

Henry Bill Publishing Company. 1884. 
Bryant's Popular History of the United States. 

Charles Scribner's Sons. 1881. 
Bancroft's History of the United States. 

D. Appleton & Co. 1883. 
Bolton's Famous American Statesmen. T. Y. 

Crowell & Co. 1888. 
Century Magazine. 

Coffin's Old Times in the Colonies. Harper 

& Bros. 1890. 
Coffin's The Story of Tiberty. Harper & Bros. 

1890. 

Coffin's The Boys of '76. Harper & Bros. 
1876. 

Coffin's Building the Nation. Harper & 

Bros. 1882. 
Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation. Harper 

& Bros. 1888. 
Coffin's Freedom Triumphant. Harper & 

Bros. 1 89 1. 
Coffin's Marching to Victory. Harper & Bros. 

1889. 

Coffin's Redeeming the Republic. Harper & 

Bros. 1890. 
Doyle's English Colonies in iVmerica, 2 vols. 

Henry Holt & Co. 1889. 

187 



i88 



APPENDIX. 



Short Title. 

Eggleston's Plousehold U. S. 
Ency. Brit. 

Fiske's Critical Period of 

Amer. Hist. 
Fiske's War of Independence. 

Greeley's Amer. Conflict. 

Grant's Memoirs. 

Green's Shorter Hist, of Eng. 

Hildreth's U. S. 

Higginson's U. S. 

Isham's Fishery Question. 
Johnston's U. S. 

Johnston's U. S. Hist, and 
Const. 

Johnston's Amer. Politics. 
R. Johnson's ^Yar of 1812. 
Lossing's Field-Book of Rev. 
Lossing's Field-Book of 181 2. 

Morris's Half Hours. 
jSIacCoun's Hist. Geog. 



Full Title, Publisher, and Edition. 
Emmigration and Immigration. By R. M. 

Smith. Charles Scribner's Sons. 
Eggleston's Household History of the United 

States. D. Appleton & Co. 1890. 
Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition. 
Fiske's Civil Government. 
Fiske's Critical Period of American History. 

Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1889. 
Fiske's The War of Independence. Hough- 
ton, Mifflin & Co. 1890. 
Greeley's American Conflict. O. D. Case & 

Co., Hartford. 1880. 
Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant. C. L. 

Webster & Co. 1S85. 
Green's Shorter History of the English People, 

school edition. 
Hildreth's History of the United States. 

Harper & Bros. 1886. 
Higginson's History of the United States. 

Harper & Bros. 1886. 
Hinsdale's Old Northwest. T. MacCoun. 1888. 
Isham's The Fishery Question. 
Johnston's History of the United States. 

Henry Holt & Co. 1888. 
Johnston's The United States; its History 

and Constitution. Charles Scribner's Sons. 
Johnston's American Politics. Henry Holt 

& Co. 1885. 
Rossiter Johnson's War of 181 2. Dodd, Mead 

& Co. 1882. 
Lossing's Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolu- 
tion, 2 vols. Harper & Bros. 1869. 
Lossing's Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 

1 81 2. Harper & Bros. 1869. 
Lights of Two Centuries. 

Morris's Half Hours with American History. 

J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1887. 
Townsend MacCoun's Historical Geography of 

the United States. T. MacCoun, N. Y. 1889. 
Macaulay's History of England. 



APPENDIX. 



189 



Slwrt Title. 
Montgomery's Eng. Hist. 
Myers's Mod. and Med. Hist. 

Montgomery's Amer. Hist, 
^lacv's Our Govt. 



Parkman's Pio. of France. 
Parkman's Old Regime. 
Parkman's Jesuits in X. A. 
Parkman's La Salle. 



Palfrey's Xew Eng. 
Prescott's Conq. Mex. 

Stanwood's Pres. Elections. 

Washington and His Country, 
Winsor's Hist, of Amer. 



Full Title, Publisher, and Edition. 
Montgomery's English History. Ginn & Co. 
Myer's Modern and Mediaeval History. Ginn 
(Sc Co. 

Montgomery's American History. Ginn & Co. 
Macy's Our Government. Ginn & Co. 1890. 
Magellan, Heroes of History Series. 
My Story of the War. By Mrs. Livermore. 
Moore's Pilgrims and Puritans. Ginn & Co. 
Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth. 
Ginn & Co. 

Papers and References to accompany Lec- 
tures on the Formation of the Federal 
Constitution. By Wm. Carey Jones, L'ni- 
versity of Cal. Published by the author. 

Parkman's Pioneers of France in the New 
World. Little, Brown & Co. 1888. 

Parkman's Old Regime in Canada. Little, 
Brown & Co. 

Parkman's The Jesuits in North America. 
Little, Brown & Co. 1888. 

Parkman's La Salle and the Discovery of the 
Great West. Little, Brown & Co. 1888. 

Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe. Little, 
Brown & Co. 1886. 

Publications of the American Economic As- 
sociation. 

Palfrey's History of New England. Little, 

Brown & Co. 1885. 
Prescott's Conquest of Mexico. John B. 

Alden. 1886. 
Questions of the Day Series. G. P. Putnam's 

Sons. 

Stanwood's History of Presidential Elections. 

Ticknor & Co. 1888. 
Railway Tariffs and the Interstate Commerce 

Law. By E. R. A. Seligman. 
Washington and His Country. Irving's Life 

of Washington by Fiske. Ginn & Co. 1887. 
Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of 

America. Houghton, ^lifflin & Co. 1889. 



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